It’s a -(Man’s)-Woman’s World Professor Ramos Blog

It’s a - (Man’s)- Woman’s World Ladies as a rule are generalized in writing, however in film and music, making it much additionally disappointing when that lady is of shading. Particularly of late with the manner in which American mindset has changed towards Mexican settlers. Sandra Cisneros utilizes two short stories to speak to primary good examples in Hispanic culture and how that has changed who these ladies became. Cisneros not just uses the two figures, La Llorona and La Malinche, to speak to two ladies, Clemencia in â€Å"Never Marry a Mexican† and CleïÅ"filas in â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek,† yet she likewise changes these jobs to change the result of the first figures and their conventional cheerful endings. Cisneros metamorphosizes these women’s characters to modernize them to a decent, relatable situation, with the goal that these accounts can edify a practical portrayal of genuine women’s nature. In â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek,† Cisneros utilizes the hero CleïÅ"filas to anticipate an account of disconnection by moving over the fringe to America. CleïÅ"filas recounts her dreams she has viewed on telenovelas. Cisneros rushes to represent her naivety, how love can daze an individual to warnings in poisonous connections. â€Å"She needs to remind herself why she adores him,† indicating how she attempts to accommodate her life into the exemplary joyfully ever after situation, even at the same time her spouses misuse became more grounded and dull (Cisneros 49). CleïÅ"filas attempts to discover pardons despite the fact that inside, she genuinely as of now recognizes that something needs to change. She was befuddled in her internal exchange in light of the fact that in Hispanic culture, its untouchable to be without a spouse, she was terrified to be decided for having youngsters without the dad. Once more, Cisneros writes in â€Å"Never Marry a Mexican† to sho w Clemencia’s youthful naivety just as she clarifies her issue, â€Å"I was respected that he’d helped me out. I was that young† (76). Both these ladies experienced desires for executed Hispanic good examples, yet in addition Cisneros demonstrates a change to these stories’ results of disloyalty and murder. Cisneros then remolds this naivety by communicating their attention to these obscured dreams with the real world. Cisneros likewise utilizes certain continuous flow to communicate the confused internal discourse of this transformation occurring. In â€Å"Never Marry a Mexican,† Cisneros expounds on Clemencia’s undertaking with her instructor, â€Å"he encouraged me and in his bed, this man, this educator, your father† (76). Not exclusively does this discourse show her obscured point of view of limits, however it additionally offers a definitive codependency these ladies experienced because of their innocent discernments. She shows this in â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek† also, â€Å"this man, this dad, this adversary, this attendant, this ruler, this ace, this spouse till realm come† (Cisneros 49). This style of composing that Cisneros utilizes shows the movement out of guileless viewpoints into resilient ladies. CleïÅ"filas has the cheerful closure rather by deciding to return home to her dad and siblings. Clemencia mending in the wake of relinquishing the fulfil lment of telling Drew, her ex-admirer of her offenses, making her recapture her capacity as a person. These good examples, or these initially spoken to ladies, being La Llorona and La Malinche. La Llorona is a ‘weeping woman’ that waits close to assemblages of water, searching for her dead youngsters. The story starts with a lady, who is hitched to a rich man with two kids. At the point when their marriage self-destructs, she sees him with another lady. Angered she suffocates her kids yet right away thinks twice about it. Presently, forever she visits waterways in look for her kids (The Curse of La Llorona). CleïÅ"filas speaks to La Llorona in the same way their relationships self-destructed as a result of men’s acts of unfaithfulness; cheating, lying, also, manhandling. On the off chance that, at long last, the specialist at her pregnancy exam didn’t help her getaway from that poisonous circumstance, she may have had a similar break in mental soundness. When CleïÅ"filas in the first place once thought about whether the lady that the river was named after was hollering from â€Å"pain or rage† (Cisneros 47). Her thinking how clever the name was from the start, since she was naã ¯ve still. As her story advances, she gradually folds under this isolation as she might suspect, â€Å"La Llorona calling to her. She makes certain of it†¦Listens. The day sky going to night. The child pulling up fistfuls of grass and snickering. La Llorona. Marvels if something as calm as this drives a lady to haziness under the trees† (Cisneros 51). This insightful stupor is instigated following quite a while of misuse has been suffered, and her capacity previously lost. Her psychological state is nearly controlled by this stream she believes is calling her. With this, Cisneros at the same time makes a cutting edge La Llorona, one with a more joyful consummation, yet additionally joins the hero CleïÅ"filas next to each other with La Llorona to show the better decisions, getting away as opposed to remaining to get dangerous, that could be made. of driving CleïÅ"filas to kill herself and kid, she drove her to get away, and perhaps make another better life. La Malinche’s story, then again, is a lady related with disloyalty and being the mother of Mexico. It’s said in legends that La Malinche was an ace of the two dialects Spanish and Mayan, after her Aztec individuals sold her as a slave, and later as one of twenty spouses, to the Spaniards. In light of her aptitudes she frequently joined in political gatherings with the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes. Hernan Cortes reconstructed the Aztec Mayans into what is known as Mexico since La Malinche cautions Cortes of an Aztec plot to devastate the Spanish Army, bringing about its disappointment and butcher of her kin. Which is the reason she’s related with being a double crosser and the mother of Mexico on account of the Aztec domains resurrection as Mexico (La Malinche). As in the past, Cisneros utilizes Clemencia in â€Å"Never Marry a Mexican† to speak to La Malinche. Clemencia manhandles her capacity to utilize her ex-lovers’ child to force retribution on her dead mother and post darling. She states that â€Å"my mothers’ memory is like†¦ if something effectively dead evaporated and fell off, and I quit missing where she used to be.† This demonstrates Clemencia loathed her moms activities, of undermining her dad, causing hatred towards her. In that equivalent way, La Malinche may have disliked being sold as a slave by her own kin. However, by Clemencia not settling her issues with her mom, she definitely turned into the mother she so despised. One of the primary things that pestered Clemencia was that her mom started to see another man, while her dad was wiped out and passing on. In any case, Clemencia, as a grown-up, did something comparable by laying down with Drew, her ex-sweetheart, on the night that his spouse was conceiving an offspring. Clemencia felt double-crossed by her mom, at that point by her darling who controlled his place of intensity, lastly without anyone else by doing precisely what was done to her. In the narrative of La Malinche, she was first double-crossed by her own kin, being sold as a slave, and at the point when her kin double-crossed political partnerships with the conquistadors, afterwards she sold out her kin by tricking their arrangement, causing their butcher. However, of consummation Clemencia with a homicide accusation, she drives her to restore some force by laying down with her ex-sweethearts child and quenching her retribution. This may not be a conventional shines and sparkle result, yet its transformative nature allowed her to pick up power without the total obliteration of a mass of individuals. Both these ladies confronted solid ramifications from customary societies, making them become the more grounded rendition of themselves for the better. Cisneros utilizes stories of past female Hispanic figures to not just handle the requirement for increasingly positive results, yet to likewise impart the battle of intensity elements in harmful connections, and how certain decisions can prompt glad endings that these ladies want. Only not in the conventional feeling of cheerful endings, for Clemencia to get away from her oppressive spouse and CleïÅ"filas to set up strength over Drews maltreatment in power. Bradley, Laura. â€Å"The Curse of La Llorona: The Real Legend Behind the Horror Film.† The Curse of La Llorona: The Real Legend Behind the Horror Film, Vanity Fair, 19 Apr. 2019, vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/04/la-llorona-genuine mexican-legend-revile of-la-llorona-film. Cisneros, Sandra. Lady Hollering Creek and Other Stories. Irregular House, 1991, New york â€Å"La Malinche.† Spanish Conquest of Mexico Don Quijote, donquijote.org/mexicanculture/history/la-malinche/.

Hadrosaurus, the First Identified Duck-Billed Dinosaur

Hadrosaurus, the First Identified Duck-Billed Dinosaur In the same way as other fossil disclosures from the 1800s, Hadrosaurus is at the same time a significant and an exceptionally dark dinosaur. It was the first close total dinosaur fossilâ ever to be found in North America (in 1858, in Haddonfield, New Jersey, out of every other place on earth), and in 1868, the Hadrosaurus at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences was the primary dinosaur skeleton ever to be shown to the overall population. Hadrosaurus has likewise given its name to an amazingly crowded group of herbivores-the hadrosaurs, or duck-charged dinosaurs. Commending this history, New Jersey named Hadrosaurus its official state dinosaur in 1991, and the strong reptile is as often as possible conjured in endeavors to siphon up the Garden States fossil science pride. What Was Hadrosaurus Really Like? This was a powerfully assembled dinosaur, estimating around 30 feet from head to tail and weighing somewhere in the range of three to four tons, and it presumably invested a large portion of its energy hunkered down on the ground, biting on the low-lying vegetation of its late Cretaceous natural surroundings in North America. Like other duck-charged dinosaurs, Hadrosaurus would have been equipped for raising up on its two rear legs and showing endlessly when surprised to hungry tyrannosaurs, which more likely than not been an upsetting encounter for any littler dinosaurs prowling nearby! This dinosaur very likely lived in little groups, females laying 15 to 20 enormous eggs one after another in round examples, and the grown-ups may even have occupied with an insignificant degree of parental care. (However, remember that the bill of Hadrosaurus and different dinosaurs like it wasnt extremely level and yellow, similar to that of a duck, yet it had an obscure likeness.) In any case, the extent that duck-charged dinosaurs by and large are concerned, Hadrosaurus itself possesses the most distant edges of fossil science. Until now, nobody has found this dinosaurs skull; the originalâ fossil, named by the well known American scientist Joseph Leidy, comprises of four appendages, a pelvis, bits of the jaw, and more than two dozen vertebrae. Thus, entertainments of Hadrosaurus depend on the skulls of comparable genera of duck-charged dinosaurs, for example, Gryposaurus. Until this point, Hadrosaurus has all the earmarks of being the main individual from its family (the sole named species is H. foulkii), driving a few scientistss to theorize that this hadrosaur may truly be an animal types (or example) of another family of duck-charged dinosaur.â Given this vulnerability, it has demonstrated somewhat hard to dole out Hadrosaurus to its legitimate spot on the hadrosaur family tree. This dinosaur was once respected with its own sub-family, the Hadrosaurinae, to which better-known (and all the more profoundly ornamented) duck-charged dinosaurs like Lambeosaurus were once relegated. Today, however, Hadrosaurus possesses a solitary, forlorn branch on transformative charts, one stage expelled from such recognizable genera as Maiasaura, Edmontosaurus and Shantungosaurus, and today relatively few scientistss reference this dinosaur in their distributions. Name: Hadrosaurus (Greek for durable reptile); articulated HAY-dro-SORE-us Living space: Forests of North America Authentic Period: Late Cretaceous (80-75 million years back) Size and Weight: Around 30 feet in length and 3-4 tons Diet: Plants Recognizing Characteristics: Huge size; expansive, level mouth; infrequent bipedal stance

Stand Out from the Crowd

Stand Out from the Crowd Differentiation is the principle of setting a company apart based on specific elements of the company. For the entrepreneur, understanding how to best differentiate a new company may be a source of frustration and confusion. Studying the strategies and methods of successful companies can help provide guidance for any company who wishes to take their business to the next level. © Shutterstock.com | Phonlamai PhotoThis article will provide 1) a general overview of differentiation strategies and then 2) study examples of differentiation strategies used by: a) Virgin Airlines, b) Etsy, c) Walmart, d) Apple, and e) Nike.GENERAL OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENTIATIONBefore examining the differentiation strategies of different companies, it is helpful to understand the concept of differentiation. When used as part of a larger competitive strategy, differentiation can be essential in propelling a company to the next level of growth.There are several elements of differentiation: pricing, product and organization.Pricing is the function of income and profit â€" the determining factor in the support of the organization. It can fluctuate based on supply and demand, and can be an indicator of the customer’s ideal value for the product. Companies that differentiate based on price can either determine to offer the lowest price, or can attempt to establish superiority through hig her prices.Another area of differentiation is through product offerings. Innovative products that meet customer needs can be an area where a company has an advantage over competitors. The pursuit of new product offerings can be costly â€" research and development, as well as production and marketing costs can all add expenses to a company before the product has even been offered to the customer, making this one of the riskier forms of differentiation. The payoff, however, can be great as customers flock to be among the first to have the new product.Organizational differentiation is yet another form of advantage. Maximizing the power of a brand, or using the specific advantages that an organization possesses can be instrumental to a company’s success. Location advantages, name recognition and customer loyalty can all provide additional ways for a company differentiate itself from the competition.EXAMPLES OF CORPORATE DIFFERENTIATIONVirgin AirlinesSpearheaded by Richard Branson, Vir gin Airlines is one of the multiple industries grouped under the “Virgin” label. Described by Branson as a company known for “innovation, quality and a sense of fun”, Virgin Airlines has taken to the skies in an effort to make air travel affordable and enjoyable. Virgin Atlantic, established in 1984, was born one night when Branson’s flight to the Virgin Islands was cancelled. Undaunted, he charted a plane and offered his fellow travelers a seat on the new plane for $29. His airline was born. Virgin America started in 2004, operating in the United States and other western countries. Virgin’s business model is offering inexpensive fares, full service flights and outstanding customer service.Strategy UsedVirgin’s differentiation strategy is two-fold: pricing and service. By reducing the costs associated with air travel, Virgin Airlines is able to remain competitive with the cost-cutting airline companies. Lower costs, however, don’t translate into fewer services â€" Vi rgin is a full service airline with on-plane WIFI, touchscreen seatback entertainment, and full service meals available with roomy cabins.Through acquisitions and subsidiaries, Virgin is able to operate in different markets around the world, capitalizing on the Virgin name and promoting their services. Establishing a successful airline company brings new sets of regulations and procedures, depending on what country the airline is operating in. Virgin has remained consistent in maintaining their business model: competitive pricing, excellent customer service; however, the airline has had its ups and downs in the 30 years it has been airborne.A clear strategy has enabled Virgin to maintain their presence in the global air travel market: remain true to the Virgin brand. Promoting the brand and capitalizing on the Virgin name has been essential to the success of the company. That helped to springboard the airline to popularity, but the well-positioned airline is relying on their sound b usiness strategy to keep them at the top of the airline list.Drivers of success/failureTheir two strategies: low costs and excellent service are both a part of their successes, and their failures. By offering customers low costs, they are in direct competition with other low-fare airline services and customers have multiple options. The extra amenities and customer service that is exemplary are often the deciding factor in a customer’s choice to select Virgin over another airline. (A stunning affirmation that Branson’s plan works.)However, in the United States where regulations are strict and competition is fierce, the market is not as easy to conquer. Because of the high number of amenities the airline offers, the costs associated with the airline are high and offer lower profit margins. The power of the Virgin brand is compelling, however, and the Virgin vision is for a long-term drive to success. In the eyes of the corporation, the slow and steady race to profitability is pre ferable over the short (and short-lived) success.ETSYOnline artisan store and shopping gallery, Etsy offers its users the chance to showcase their handmade wares and sell them to customers around the world. From their beginnings as a crafter’s paradise, Etsy has carved out a niche company through sales of craft supplies as well as homemade items. Through Etsy, a community of crafters has found a home on the internet and the world has been opened to the amateur crafter who wishes to sell their products. The Etsy business model brings together the craftiness of individuals and the business savvy of investors who are confident the Do It Yourself crowd will also be members of the Let Someone Else Do It crowd.Strategy UsedEtsy is relying on the diversity of the products they offer to differentiate themselves from the hundreds of available craft sites online. By limiting their product offerings to craft items, they are targeting a specific portion of the market, giving them the edge the y need to stand out from the crowd.Drivers of success/failureEtsy has several distinct features working in its favor. Price point is a key factor in the success of the online store: a majority of Etsy’s customers spend between $15.00 and $20.00. They charge a relatively low fee to vendors for handling the payment transaction, and a small fee is charged per item listed in the crafter’s ‘store’. With low fees, the company is able to remain competitive with other online shopping services such as eBay and Amazon. A wide variety of products is available, leaving customers a well-designed website to browse through and highlight on social media.While the company has enjoyed success since the company began in 2005, there are a few elements of their strategy that have the potential of becoming a failure. In addition, their success has created problems for the artisans who are unable to keep up with the higher number of demands. A majority of the artisans on Etsy are simply hobbyists who craft in their spare time. The growing sales figures are causing the crafters to work longer hours and are maximizing the number of items that they can personally produce. The company recently made changes to their user agreement; allowing products to be sold that were designed by an Etsy member, but may have been produced by someone else. The ‘mass production’ of craft items is a slippery slope â€" at what point is an item considered handmade?Etsy is at a crossroads and must decide to remain true to their original intent: providing a ‘virtual craft fair’ for artists or seek higher fortunes through expanded offerings and growth.WALMARTThe vision of Sam Walton was to build a company that offered convenience and low prices. His original intent has driven the company to huge financial gains, and the company has not changed their business model. Through the last twenty years, the company has built massive super stores, offering everything from automotive supplies to grocerie s and clothing. Recently, the company has expanded its one-stop shopping center empire to include small, neighborhood market stores.Strategy UsedWalmart has a clear differentiation strategy: pricing. Everything that Walmart does is specifically selected to keep prices low. Their famous “roll-back” pricing strategy is designed to constantly monitor competitor pricing and offer a lower price. Through purchasing, shipping, warehousing and retail marketing, Walmart is standing out by consistently giving customers exactly what they want or need at a lower cost.Drivers of success/failureThe market for low-cost retail stores is always in constant upheaval. There are several competitors in the market, although few can come close to the scope of Walmart’s organization. The distribution channels that Walmart has put into place are one of the key factors in their success. With a network of warehouses, shipping services and innovative stocking methods, Walmart remains a market giant for c onvenience and price. Developing their own integrated systems for ordering, shipping and delivering, Walmart is able to maintain their low prices.While their market saturation can be seen in the number of Walmart locations, their continued expansion can also be an indicator of its failure. Walmart is often not received well in smaller communities, where residents are concerned about local businesses being affected, environmental impact and traffic concerns in the areas that Walmart is built.In addition, because Walmart bases their differentiation on pricing, other companies are continually trying to compete with their low prices, causing the company to find new ways to lower prices. There is constant pressure on the corporation to buy massive quantities to keep their stores stocked and prices low.In spite of these difficulties, however, Walmart remains a powerful market force in every geographical area that they do business in. The addition of the market stores has added additional opportunities for the corporation to attract new customers, and the buying process for food items has created new, lower price point products.[slideshare id=27661229doc=wal-martscostleadershipstrategy-131028142501-phpapp02w=640h=330]APPLEOnce known only for their ‘it’s not IBM’ computers, Apple has grown into a major electronics company that offers everything from personal electronics to televisions. Offering innovative products and creating a network of services that work together, Apple has developed some of the world’s most daring technology. Through their business model of innovation and design, they have branded their company as the forerunner in marketing, service and sales.Strategy UsedApple has a multi-faceted differentiation strategy. They are innovators who constantly push the limits of products and services, a strategy that is hugely successful. In addition, they are relentless in the pursuit of excellent customer service. Finally, they capitalize on the brand its elf, which has become a part of the culture through their advertising campaigns and product placement.Drivers of Success/failuresOne of the most successful drivers of Apple’s strategy is the creation of their own ‘ecosystem’. The Apple line is designed to integrate among other Apple products, seamlessly sharing media across devices. This ecosystem provides users with the ability to share their music files from their iPod to their iPhone to their PC or Apple TV. Leaving the ecosystem would not only be costly, it would be cumbersome to try to assimilate the same ease of use â€" a fact that Apple uses to their advantage.Another important driver of success is the innovation that Apple has continued to demonstrate. With constant release of new, advanced offerings, Apple has maintained their position as the leader of the technology market and can draw thousands to their door in anticipation of the release of a new product. To wield that power, it is evident the company has mastered the art of the customer hook. Through skillful advertising and branding, Apple has set the standard for other technology companies to follow, though few have managed to come close to their level of success.Interestingly, another aspect of Apple that has led to its overwhelming success is the company’s willingness to fail. There have been several ‘bad Apples’ in the line of Apple products: MobileMe, and Ping, for example. These services were not well received and did not perform well in the Apple lineup, so Apple pulled them from their offerings. The company shows little resistance to pulling these ‘failures’ from the market, but doesn’t hesitate to find better use for their technology. The technology was reused and repacked, finding its way into the iTunes market and as part of the basis for ‘the Cloud’. By being willing to fail, Apple demonstrates their commitment to finding new ways of solving problems. NIKEAthletic gear provider Nike is considered the premier athl ete supplier for serious athletes. Their products include athletic footwear, workout and performance clothes as well as athletic accessories such as gym bags, headbands, balls and more. Their business model is simple: offer high quality sports materials and customers will be willing to pay higher prices.Strategy usedNike’s differentiation strategy is to establish the company as the standard in athletic wear. By focusing on their product line, they are able to produce high quality products that meet customer expectations. Nike’s product line is not wide: they offer athletic shoes, workout clothes and a very limited number of additional products. Their focus is clear: give the athlete the equipment they need to succeed. This single-minded focus has allowed them to develop efficient networks of suppliers and manufacturers who can provide high quality materials.Drivers of success/failuresThe most prominent driver for Nike’s success is their distinctive marketing strategy. Nike has established itself not only as a leading brand for athletes, but also as a leading fashion brand. Through identification with athletes, customers are compelled to purchase their athletic wear for competitive and recreational use.Another driver of success is their commitment to research and development. Within the athletic market there is a high level of competition. To remain a leader in the industry, Nike must constantly be innovating with new and improved tools to help the athlete perform at their peak. Improved athletic wear, the partnership with Apple for fitness training, the ability to personalize workout shoes are all examples of the innovative products that Nike has developed. By maintaining this level of innovation, Nike will be constantly in the front of the competition.One area that could become a driver of failure is the higher price point of Nike’s products. The availability of other options in the athletic wear department gives customers the opportunity to select a product based on price rather than options. For the cost-conscious customer, the choice will almost always be a company other than Nike. To retain their foothold in the market, Nike must establish a way to lower production costs and offer their lineup of products at a lower cost.[slideshare id=7542006doc=competitiveadvantagefornike-110406200840-phpapp02w=640h=330]

Stand Out from the Crowd

Stand Out from the Crowd Differentiation is the principle of setting a company apart based on specific elements of the company. For the entrepreneur, understanding how to best differentiate a new company may be a source of frustration and confusion. Studying the strategies and methods of successful companies can help provide guidance for any company who wishes to take their business to the next level. © Shutterstock.com | Phonlamai PhotoThis article will provide 1) a general overview of differentiation strategies and then 2) study examples of differentiation strategies used by: a) Virgin Airlines, b) Etsy, c) Walmart, d) Apple, and e) Nike.GENERAL OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENTIATIONBefore examining the differentiation strategies of different companies, it is helpful to understand the concept of differentiation. When used as part of a larger competitive strategy, differentiation can be essential in propelling a company to the next level of growth.There are several elements of differentiation: pricing, product and organization.Pricing is the function of income and profit â€" the determining factor in the support of the organization. It can fluctuate based on supply and demand, and can be an indicator of the customer’s ideal value for the product. Companies that differentiate based on price can either determine to offer the lowest price, or can attempt to establish superiority through hig her prices.Another area of differentiation is through product offerings. Innovative products that meet customer needs can be an area where a company has an advantage over competitors. The pursuit of new product offerings can be costly â€" research and development, as well as production and marketing costs can all add expenses to a company before the product has even been offered to the customer, making this one of the riskier forms of differentiation. The payoff, however, can be great as customers flock to be among the first to have the new product.Organizational differentiation is yet another form of advantage. Maximizing the power of a brand, or using the specific advantages that an organization possesses can be instrumental to a company’s success. Location advantages, name recognition and customer loyalty can all provide additional ways for a company differentiate itself from the competition.EXAMPLES OF CORPORATE DIFFERENTIATIONVirgin AirlinesSpearheaded by Richard Branson, Vir gin Airlines is one of the multiple industries grouped under the “Virgin” label. Described by Branson as a company known for “innovation, quality and a sense of fun”, Virgin Airlines has taken to the skies in an effort to make air travel affordable and enjoyable. Virgin Atlantic, established in 1984, was born one night when Branson’s flight to the Virgin Islands was cancelled. Undaunted, he charted a plane and offered his fellow travelers a seat on the new plane for $29. His airline was born. Virgin America started in 2004, operating in the United States and other western countries. Virgin’s business model is offering inexpensive fares, full service flights and outstanding customer service.Strategy UsedVirgin’s differentiation strategy is two-fold: pricing and service. By reducing the costs associated with air travel, Virgin Airlines is able to remain competitive with the cost-cutting airline companies. Lower costs, however, don’t translate into fewer services â€" Vi rgin is a full service airline with on-plane WIFI, touchscreen seatback entertainment, and full service meals available with roomy cabins.Through acquisitions and subsidiaries, Virgin is able to operate in different markets around the world, capitalizing on the Virgin name and promoting their services. Establishing a successful airline company brings new sets of regulations and procedures, depending on what country the airline is operating in. Virgin has remained consistent in maintaining their business model: competitive pricing, excellent customer service; however, the airline has had its ups and downs in the 30 years it has been airborne.A clear strategy has enabled Virgin to maintain their presence in the global air travel market: remain true to the Virgin brand. Promoting the brand and capitalizing on the Virgin name has been essential to the success of the company. That helped to springboard the airline to popularity, but the well-positioned airline is relying on their sound b usiness strategy to keep them at the top of the airline list.Drivers of success/failureTheir two strategies: low costs and excellent service are both a part of their successes, and their failures. By offering customers low costs, they are in direct competition with other low-fare airline services and customers have multiple options. The extra amenities and customer service that is exemplary are often the deciding factor in a customer’s choice to select Virgin over another airline. (A stunning affirmation that Branson’s plan works.)However, in the United States where regulations are strict and competition is fierce, the market is not as easy to conquer. Because of the high number of amenities the airline offers, the costs associated with the airline are high and offer lower profit margins. The power of the Virgin brand is compelling, however, and the Virgin vision is for a long-term drive to success. In the eyes of the corporation, the slow and steady race to profitability is pre ferable over the short (and short-lived) success.ETSYOnline artisan store and shopping gallery, Etsy offers its users the chance to showcase their handmade wares and sell them to customers around the world. From their beginnings as a crafter’s paradise, Etsy has carved out a niche company through sales of craft supplies as well as homemade items. Through Etsy, a community of crafters has found a home on the internet and the world has been opened to the amateur crafter who wishes to sell their products. The Etsy business model brings together the craftiness of individuals and the business savvy of investors who are confident the Do It Yourself crowd will also be members of the Let Someone Else Do It crowd.Strategy UsedEtsy is relying on the diversity of the products they offer to differentiate themselves from the hundreds of available craft sites online. By limiting their product offerings to craft items, they are targeting a specific portion of the market, giving them the edge the y need to stand out from the crowd.Drivers of success/failureEtsy has several distinct features working in its favor. Price point is a key factor in the success of the online store: a majority of Etsy’s customers spend between $15.00 and $20.00. They charge a relatively low fee to vendors for handling the payment transaction, and a small fee is charged per item listed in the crafter’s ‘store’. With low fees, the company is able to remain competitive with other online shopping services such as eBay and Amazon. A wide variety of products is available, leaving customers a well-designed website to browse through and highlight on social media.While the company has enjoyed success since the company began in 2005, there are a few elements of their strategy that have the potential of becoming a failure. In addition, their success has created problems for the artisans who are unable to keep up with the higher number of demands. A majority of the artisans on Etsy are simply hobbyists who craft in their spare time. The growing sales figures are causing the crafters to work longer hours and are maximizing the number of items that they can personally produce. The company recently made changes to their user agreement; allowing products to be sold that were designed by an Etsy member, but may have been produced by someone else. The ‘mass production’ of craft items is a slippery slope â€" at what point is an item considered handmade?Etsy is at a crossroads and must decide to remain true to their original intent: providing a ‘virtual craft fair’ for artists or seek higher fortunes through expanded offerings and growth.WALMARTThe vision of Sam Walton was to build a company that offered convenience and low prices. His original intent has driven the company to huge financial gains, and the company has not changed their business model. Through the last twenty years, the company has built massive super stores, offering everything from automotive supplies to grocerie s and clothing. Recently, the company has expanded its one-stop shopping center empire to include small, neighborhood market stores.Strategy UsedWalmart has a clear differentiation strategy: pricing. Everything that Walmart does is specifically selected to keep prices low. Their famous “roll-back” pricing strategy is designed to constantly monitor competitor pricing and offer a lower price. Through purchasing, shipping, warehousing and retail marketing, Walmart is standing out by consistently giving customers exactly what they want or need at a lower cost.Drivers of success/failureThe market for low-cost retail stores is always in constant upheaval. There are several competitors in the market, although few can come close to the scope of Walmart’s organization. The distribution channels that Walmart has put into place are one of the key factors in their success. With a network of warehouses, shipping services and innovative stocking methods, Walmart remains a market giant for c onvenience and price. Developing their own integrated systems for ordering, shipping and delivering, Walmart is able to maintain their low prices.While their market saturation can be seen in the number of Walmart locations, their continued expansion can also be an indicator of its failure. Walmart is often not received well in smaller communities, where residents are concerned about local businesses being affected, environmental impact and traffic concerns in the areas that Walmart is built.In addition, because Walmart bases their differentiation on pricing, other companies are continually trying to compete with their low prices, causing the company to find new ways to lower prices. There is constant pressure on the corporation to buy massive quantities to keep their stores stocked and prices low.In spite of these difficulties, however, Walmart remains a powerful market force in every geographical area that they do business in. The addition of the market stores has added additional opportunities for the corporation to attract new customers, and the buying process for food items has created new, lower price point products.[slideshare id=27661229doc=wal-martscostleadershipstrategy-131028142501-phpapp02w=640h=330]APPLEOnce known only for their ‘it’s not IBM’ computers, Apple has grown into a major electronics company that offers everything from personal electronics to televisions. Offering innovative products and creating a network of services that work together, Apple has developed some of the world’s most daring technology. Through their business model of innovation and design, they have branded their company as the forerunner in marketing, service and sales.Strategy UsedApple has a multi-faceted differentiation strategy. They are innovators who constantly push the limits of products and services, a strategy that is hugely successful. In addition, they are relentless in the pursuit of excellent customer service. Finally, they capitalize on the brand its elf, which has become a part of the culture through their advertising campaigns and product placement.Drivers of Success/failuresOne of the most successful drivers of Apple’s strategy is the creation of their own ‘ecosystem’. The Apple line is designed to integrate among other Apple products, seamlessly sharing media across devices. This ecosystem provides users with the ability to share their music files from their iPod to their iPhone to their PC or Apple TV. Leaving the ecosystem would not only be costly, it would be cumbersome to try to assimilate the same ease of use â€" a fact that Apple uses to their advantage.Another important driver of success is the innovation that Apple has continued to demonstrate. With constant release of new, advanced offerings, Apple has maintained their position as the leader of the technology market and can draw thousands to their door in anticipation of the release of a new product. To wield that power, it is evident the company has mastered the art of the customer hook. Through skillful advertising and branding, Apple has set the standard for other technology companies to follow, though few have managed to come close to their level of success.Interestingly, another aspect of Apple that has led to its overwhelming success is the company’s willingness to fail. There have been several ‘bad Apples’ in the line of Apple products: MobileMe, and Ping, for example. These services were not well received and did not perform well in the Apple lineup, so Apple pulled them from their offerings. The company shows little resistance to pulling these ‘failures’ from the market, but doesn’t hesitate to find better use for their technology. The technology was reused and repacked, finding its way into the iTunes market and as part of the basis for ‘the Cloud’. By being willing to fail, Apple demonstrates their commitment to finding new ways of solving problems. NIKEAthletic gear provider Nike is considered the premier athl ete supplier for serious athletes. Their products include athletic footwear, workout and performance clothes as well as athletic accessories such as gym bags, headbands, balls and more. Their business model is simple: offer high quality sports materials and customers will be willing to pay higher prices.Strategy usedNike’s differentiation strategy is to establish the company as the standard in athletic wear. By focusing on their product line, they are able to produce high quality products that meet customer expectations. Nike’s product line is not wide: they offer athletic shoes, workout clothes and a very limited number of additional products. Their focus is clear: give the athlete the equipment they need to succeed. This single-minded focus has allowed them to develop efficient networks of suppliers and manufacturers who can provide high quality materials.Drivers of success/failuresThe most prominent driver for Nike’s success is their distinctive marketing strategy. Nike has established itself not only as a leading brand for athletes, but also as a leading fashion brand. Through identification with athletes, customers are compelled to purchase their athletic wear for competitive and recreational use.Another driver of success is their commitment to research and development. Within the athletic market there is a high level of competition. To remain a leader in the industry, Nike must constantly be innovating with new and improved tools to help the athlete perform at their peak. Improved athletic wear, the partnership with Apple for fitness training, the ability to personalize workout shoes are all examples of the innovative products that Nike has developed. By maintaining this level of innovation, Nike will be constantly in the front of the competition.One area that could become a driver of failure is the higher price point of Nike’s products. The availability of other options in the athletic wear department gives customers the opportunity to select a product based on price rather than options. For the cost-conscious customer, the choice will almost always be a company other than Nike. To retain their foothold in the market, Nike must establish a way to lower production costs and offer their lineup of products at a lower cost.[slideshare id=7542006doc=competitiveadvantagefornike-110406200840-phpapp02w=640h=330]

The Effects of Globalization on the Phillipines and India...

The Effects of Globalization on the Philippines and India Lloyd Wood In this paper the author will briefly look at the globalization of two nations, the Philippines and India. We will look at each country before globalization, the turning point where globalization began for each nation, and finally the effects of globalization on each country. This writer believes it can be successfully argued that the globalization of each country has improved the overall standard of living in each country. We will also look at the positive and the negative effects globalization has brought to each nation. Globalization In The Philippines The Philippines Before Globalization Throughout the last century the†¦show more content†¦Now at 9 in the evening the city was busy as young workers were in the streets heading to their jobs to start their work shifts at call centers, answering calls 9 PM to 5 AM from international markets. Service sectors have helped the economy grow up to 5% yearly and expects the number of jobs to rise to between 800,000- 1,000,000 from a base of 250,000 (Llitoro 2007).. Some Filipinos Many felt the Philippines were negatively impacted by globalization. Indigenous people such as local farmers with small plots of land could not meet the demands of globalized agriculture and lost or sold their family land to large farming corporations or mining companies looking for the mineral deposits underneath their land. Farmers were forced to move to urban areas to look for work or live in poverty. Since globalization had taken place agricultural jobs dropped from a third to a fifth of the nations GDP (Sibal 2010). These families have none of the education, technical, or computers skills needed to make a living in a global economy. One can easily imagine how the loss of family land, work, the movement of people who have lived in the same area for generations have caused some discontent. Some religious groups such as Muslims whose numbers and influence are growing on the Philippines are increasingly unhappy being und er Filipino rule. They are displeased with the moral liberalization that is inevitable whenShow MoreRelatedIndian Bpos- Waking Up the Philippines Opportunity Case Analysis776 Words   |  4 PagesI. Problems A. Macro- The major macro problems are surrounding the loss of the tax abatement in India as well as the weakening US dollar. Both of these issues make it incredibly expensive to do business in India compared to other locations like the Philippines. B. Micro- In India the transportation and infrastructure costs continue to hurt the bottom line. II. Causes- Tax abatement ended in 2009, transportation and infrastructure costs are not going away and other countries have more attractiveRead MoreBrain Drain5403 Words   |  22 Pages* Introduction of Brain Drain * Concepct of Brain Drain * How to stop Brain Drain * Solution Responsibility of Brain Drain * Influence of Brain Drain * Classification of Brain Drain * Problem of Brain Drain * Brain Drain in india * Globlisation of Brain Drain * Bibliography What Is Brain Drain? Brain drain is also known as â€Å"The human capital flight†. It can be simply defined as the mass emigration of technically skilled people from one country to another country. Brain-drainRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 Pagesinformation available at that time. Finally, information about the state of the economy and the level of interest rates affect all valuations in an economy. A weakening in the economy can lead to a reassessment of growth rates across the board, though the effect on earnings are likely to be largest at cyclical firms. Similarly, an increase in interest rates will affect all investments, though to varying degrees. When analysts change their valuations, they will undoubtedly be asked to justify them. In some

The For My Italian American Family - 1615 Words

A consistent theme portrayed throughout Humanities thus far has been the impact of certain individuals or events that have influenced the history of society to where it currently stands today. For my Italian-American family, these themes have proved to be true throughout their stories of immigrating to the United States. For both my father and mother’s sides of the family the search for freedom, opportunity and overall betterment in lifestyle caused my relatives to move to the United States during the World War ll era. As we have seen throughout the texts studied thus far this semester, the history of modern society has been shaped by a variety of factors. For the purposes of this class, the assigned catastrophe teams served as four broad†¦show more content†¦Through stories, I have been told that once Grandpa Nunzio emigrated from Italy to the United States his hardest challenge was to cope with the new language and the variety of cultures. An important realization n oted in the texts states, â€Å"The emigrants who came at different periods to occupy the territory now covered by the American Union differed from each other in many respects; their aim was not the same, and they governed themselves on different principles (p.40 Tocqueville).† While I do realize this refers to a different time period I believe that the meaning of this quote holds true in the same respect. The people who immigrated to America were all in search for opportunity and freedoms but for their own unique reasons. Many came from different cultures and backgrounds, which proved to be a challenge for most. Grandpa Nunzio settled in Jamaica, Queens NY during World War ll and made enough money to support his family the best he could and eventually afford to be able to bring my mother’s dad Rico and the rest of the family to the United States. It is in Jamaica, Queens where the two sides of my family met and developed a friendship that has lived on to this day. As per my father’s side of the family, the way in which his side immigrated to the United States differed slightly. My father’s grandpa, Grandpa Salvatore, served and diedShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : Being An Italian American781 Words   |  4 Pagesme, being an Italian American means that I have come from a long line of hardworking immigrants who came to the United States to make a better life for their children while still maintaining their Italian cultural pride and heritage. From the time that I was a small child, I was taught to be proud of my Italian heritage. From the young age of four or five, I can remember sitting in the kitchen while my grandmother and great-grandmother would be cooking and they would tell me how my great-great grandparentsRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States Of America Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesOn April 18, 1930, a young family of eighteen boarded a ship leaving their homeland of Chiette Abruzzi, Italy. Head ed for a nation they had only heard about in the newspapers, each member of the family bore their own excitement and reservation. The history of immigration to the United States of America was seen at unprecedented numbers during the late eighteen hundreds and early twentieth century. Families from Italy, Ireland, Germany, Poland, and numerous other nations flocked to the west by theRead MoreCulture Clash Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesItalian culture has a rich history that includes art, classic architecture, music, popular traditions and customs. 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Some of these concepts I personally related to when I moved out of my household into the dorms, while others, made me feel their pain andRead MoreItalian Music1489 Words   |  6 Pagesmore than four and half million Italian immigrants arriving to American between the years of 1876-1924, traditions, food, literature and an immense amount of Italian culture was slowly spread nationwide. With that, Italian music was also brought across seas. Music in New York City began developing rapidly during the nineteenth century as the number of immigrants and residents steadily increased. Italian music has become popular genre with many subdivisions. Italian music has also become an influentialRead MoreMany scholars have written about the particularly intimate connection between food and family1400 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween food and family prevalent in Italian-American culture. Herbert Gans interprets this to be a legacy of the traditional Southern Italian peasant culture that the immigrant generation successfully passed down to the younger generations in America. Thus, the connection is implied to be a â€Å"transplanted† cultural trait. However, when viewed in light of the social changes in America, this bond was inevitably affected by the Italians’ experiences in America. Italian-American food culture wasRead MoreThe Word Culture Impacts Each And Every Individual Differently Essay950 Words   |  4 PagesFor me, my culture is associated with pride and joy; for others, cultural heritage can remind a person of pain and suffering. All cultural experiences vary depending on where people grew up and the amount of value placed on cultural traditions within families. Most people can easily describe their culture; many simply state, â€Å"I’m Italian and Irish.† However, being a third generation American, I’ve truly become a melting pot. I am 1/16th Scottish, 1/16th British, 1/4th Polish, 1/4th Italian and 3/8th’sRead MoreItalian Immigration And The United States1551 Words   |  7 PagesRoaldi U.S. History 19 September 2014 Italian Immigration Many Italians made the United States their home, but getting to the Land of the Free was not easy for them. Many things made the Italians move from their country, and many things brought them to the United States. They faced many hardships while in the country. They all managed to find work in different areas, and in different time periods. They also left important legacies. The things that drove Italians out of Italy and to the United StatesRead MoreDifferences Between Italian And Italian Culture1660 Words   |  7 Pagesendless events where my values clashed with someone else’s. Immigrating to this country and going to school with different nationalities helped me obviously to understand the distinctions we have culturally. It’s was difficult to adjusting and also learning about all these different cultures and I came into conclusion that each culture has their own beauty. I don’t believe that neither is a right or wrong in custom or values. I had opportunity to interview someone from my family that is Peruvian andRead MoreDiana Di Prima Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesAlameldin Professor Wheat English 106 03-21-2011 A Cultural Criticism on Diane DiPrima’s â€Å"The Practice of Magical Evocation† As a young girl growing up in an Italian American family, DiPrima began to witness expectations that she did not like about her culture. At eight years old she experienced her first expectation as a female in her family but this was not an expectation she felt positively on. In an interview given by David Hadbawnik, DiPrima says that one day her mother was very sick and couldn’t

Is Relational Frame Theory - 1730 Words

In our world there are so many theories on how we should live our lives, battle disorders of all kinds, and how to fix or solve those disorders. The specific theory that we will be taking a look on is Acceptance and Commitment Therapy or more commonly known in the psychology world as ACT. Like most other theories that take from other theories in its format, this one is no different. Steven C. Hayes is considered and recognized by the psychological community to be the founder of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Steven Hayes is known for an analysis of human language and cognition. Otherwise known as Relational Frame Theory, and its application to various psychological difficulties including the development of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Relational Frame Theory shows up in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy by exploring the paradoxes of context, such as separating words and actions, and distinguishing clients’ sense of self from their thoughts and behavior. Although Rela tional Frame Theory has a place in the development, most of the theory stems off of behavioral therapy. With that being said, behavioral therapy is divided into three generations: traditional Behaviorism, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy or also known as CBT, and the current â€Å"third generation† or contextual approaches to behavior. This â€Å"third generation† of behaviorism has a premise that suffering is a basic characteristic of human life and represents a dramatic change that cannot be avoided which is takenShow MoreRelatedMarketing Systems And Community Engagement Theories Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pageswill provide an insight into marketing system and community engagement with the help of different theories. Further the case of Milo cricket program for kids will be discussed along with the application of event sequencing map method to explain those marketing system and community engagement theories. 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Wright Marriage, Couple, and Family Therapy HUMN – 6356 – 3 Dr. Emmett Roberts Walden University March 20, 2016 Humanistic Theory is the main focus on self, which transcends into â€Å"you† and â€Å"your†, then it will be about your experiences. It was mentioned that a person is free to choose their own behavior than just reacting to environmental stimulants and reinforcements (www.answers.com). Then with Humanistic Theory it is mostly focused on toRead MoreHistorical Background Of Sigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychoanalysis774 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical Background Sigmund Freud dedicated the majority of his time on this earth to mainly covering his theory of psychoanalysis. He did not however have a lot of patience from contemporaries who diverged from his psychoanalytic principles. He attempted to keep control over the movement by expelling those who dared to disagree. 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Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle for Biosensing Application. Answer: Introduction Nanotechnology refers to research and development of technology conducted at the nanoscale level to create materials, structures, and systems with improved functionalities and properties(Devi Dhanalakshmi, 2012). The new properties of these materials have improved their properties such as reactivity, electrical conductivity, and much more. This paper provides as review of the applications of nanotechnology in various fields and in particular Mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles have found application in various setting and this paper reviews the materials application in the detection of glucose, bio mimicking, and diagnosis and imaging. The application in the detection of microorganisms and detection of cancer are also discussed herein. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Detecting Microorganisms Rapid selective detection of bacteria and the subsequent degradation of the pathogenic bacteria have biomedical, defense, and environmental significance. Biosensors that have been improved using nanotechnology have improved ultra-sensitiveness, cost-effective, and offer faster detection over conventional detectors(Izquierdo-Barba, Manzano, Colilla, Vallet-Reg, 2008). Micro and mesoporous silica are porous and have optical transparency(Trewyn, Giri, Slowing, Lin, 2007). These properties allow encapsulation of large amounts of sensing molecules in each particle and optical detection in layers of material(Trewyn, Giri, Slowing, Lin, 2007). These properties represent added functionalities that the material have and enables their application in biosensors. Escherichia coli (E. coli) are Gram-negative bacteria that have been studied widely(Matheli-Guinlet, et al., 2016). Among these studies, it has been determined several nanomaterials composed of metal oxides, silver, and others are bactericidal towards E. coli. These nanomaterials can disrupt the integrity of the membrane and prevent the production of reactive oxygen species. The biosensor containing the mesoporous silica nanoparticles in form of SiO2-NPs can then be used to detect the bacteria. With modifications will allow the E. coli detection to be estimated using cyclic voltammetry and measurements of QCM-D using oxydo-reduction reactions and frequency shifts of mass deposition and dissipation respectively(Hasanzadeh, NasrinShadjou, Guardiac, Eskandani, Sheikhzadeh, 2012). The nanomaterial in this case allows the investigation into the effects of antibacterial agents on cell behavior and the integrity and elasticity of the cell membrane. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Drug delivery systems have embraced nanotechnology due to the high surface areas and pore volumes in the silica materials(Hurley, 2011). The mesopore adsorbs the new molecules to its surface without the help of any functional group to control the release of the adsorbed substance(Kwon, Singh, Perez, Neel, Kim, Chrzanowski, 2013). One study determined that a mesoporous structure with pores shaped liked channels and packed hexagonally could load more drug molecules and release them over a considerable duration of time(Trewyn, Giri, Slowing, Lin, 2007). Oxides of gold and iron have been used extensively in anti-cancer therapy in combination with other biomolecules. The nanoparticles of the two metals demonstrate great properties such as controlled drug release, reduction of dose used in conventional methods, and systemic absorption of cytotoxic drugs by guiding them to the target tumor cells(Kwon, Singh, Perez, Neel, Kim, Chrzanowski, 2013). However, these nanoparticles have poor solubility and high cost. The nanoparticles can also lead to blockage of the bloodstream with continued use. Thus, mesoporous silica nanoparticles have emerged as favorites in drug delivery because the unique mesopore structure that preserves a level of chemical stability, biocompatibility, and surface functionality as it carries out controlled release of the drug substance(Kwon, Singh, Perez, Neel, Kim, Chrzanowski, 2013). Application in Diagnosis and Imaging Nanotechnology has also been used in the diagnosis, imaging, and detection of diseases. For example, in breast cancer, a transmembrane glycoprotein called Mucin-1 (MUC1) is a suitable target for nanoparticulate imaging because it is aberrantly expressed on about 90% of the cancer(Drau, Alvarez-Berrios, M., Mukherjee, Vivero-Escoto, 2016). In one study a dye-doped NIR emitting mesoporous silica nanoparticles platform was conjugated to a tumor-specific antibody of MUC1 to conduct in vivo detection of breast adenocarcinoma(Drau, Alvarez-Berrios, M., Mukherjee, Vivero-Escoto, 2016). In vitro studies were also conducted and these determined that MSN-based optical nanoparticle probes used in imaging were not toxic and perfectly targeted the mammary cancer cells that are over-expressed in the human tMUC1 protein(Drau, Alvarez-Berrios, M., Mukherjee, Vivero-Escoto, 2016). List of References Devi, R. P., Dhanalakshmi, K. (2012). Applications of mesoporous silica nanomaterial: An overview. International Journal of Advanced Life Sciences, 4:1-9. Drau, D. M., Alvarez-Berrios, M., M., T., Mukherjee, P., Vivero-Escoto, J. (2016). Mucin-1-Antibody-Conjugated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Selective Breast Cancer Detection in a Mucin-1 Transgenic Murine Mouse Model. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 12(12), 2172-2184. Hasanzadeh, M., NasrinShadjou, Guardiac, M. l., Eskandani, M., Sheikhzadeh, P. (2012). Mesoporous silica-based materials for use in biosensors. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 33, 117-129. Hurley, M. (2011). Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as drug delivery systems and diagnostic tools. University of Maryland Libraries . Izquierdo-Barba, I., Manzano, M., Colilla, M., Vallet-Reg, M. (2008). Silica-Based ordered mesoporous materials for biomedical applications. Key Engineering Materials, 377: 133-150. Kwon, S., Singh, R. K., Perez, R. A., Neel, E. A., Kim, H.-W., Chrzanowski, W. (2013). Silica-based mesoporous nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery. Journal of Tissue Engineering, 4, 2041731413503357 doi: 10.1177/2041731413503357. Matheli-Guinlet, M., Gammoudi, I., Beven, L., Morot, F., Delville, M.-H., Grauby-Heywang, C., et al. (2016). Silica Nanoparticles Assisted Electrochemical Biosensor For The Detection And Degradation Of Escherichia Coli Bacteria. Procedia Engineering, 168, 1048-1051. Sweeney, S. K., Luo, Y., ODonnell, M. A., Assouline, J. (2016). Nanotechnology and cancer: improving real-time monitoring and staging of bladder cancer with multimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Cancer Nanotechnology, 7:3 10.1186/s12645-016-0015-8. Trewyn, B. G., Giri, S., Slowing, I. I., Lin, V. S.-Y. (2007). Mesoporous silica nanoparticle based controlled release, drug delivery, and biosensor systems. Chemical Communications, 31, 3236-3245.

As the number zero was the start of mathematics and the vacuum the foundation of physics. Essay Example

As the number zero was the start of mathematics and the vacuum the foundation of physics. Essay Example As the number zero was the start of mathematics and the vacuum the foundation of physics. Essay As the number zero was the start of mathematics and the vacuum the foundation of physics. Essay Essay Topic: A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings Hilarious Light in August As the number zero was the start of mathematics and the vacuum the foundation of physics, so silence became the standard measure of civilization. Yet, all three of these scientific standards spring from human imagination and are only applicable by general agreement, but remain in principle fictional.Few compositions have caused such a division of opinion as John Cages 4.33 from 1952, one of his own favourites. A well-dressed pianist entered the stage, sat down behind the grand piano, opened it, turned a page of the score in front of him every now and then and after about four and a half minutes he got up, made a bow and left the stage. Cage got the idea for this composition after a visit to a soundproof room and only wanted to show there is no such thing as absolute silence. This manifests itself on a recording of the piece that still exists. In it, a world of small tiny sounds opens up. Chairs squeak, uncomfortable coughing, the humming of the air-conditioning, some far-away sounds of traffic, the rustling of the pages of a program. Above all one can hear, just like the original audience back in 1952, the rushing of ones own blood in ones ears, ones heartbeat, swallowing and rumbling stomach. Through this, the audience becomes the performing artist of 4.33, and because one goes to a concert to listen, the uproarious silence had never been heard as well as just there. Does silence exist at all, one wonders, or is it like a hole in the ground, only observed because of the earth that surrounds it? After all silence is an arbitrary name for the absence of sound.Each piece of writing can be considered a composition as well; a composition in words and these are in essence silent. This void is filled as soon as the reader starts interacting with the authors words and his imagination attributes numerous voices and sounds to the essential silent text. This is the intention of reading and only natural since Mother Nature hates emptiness horror vacui and fills it promp tly. In music, as shown with the help of John Cage, one may well justify the use of markedly contradictory words, like the oxymoronic title of this paper. Some say that Faulkner likes to force readers to absorb many contradictory feelings all at once. His use of oxymorons helps to create a feeling of unresolved conflict.The author, like a filmmaker, has another trick up his sleeve. They are both able to turn off the sound at will. It is not very hard to picture this (talking about sound) and the effect it has can make a spectacular difference. The watching of a horror movie without sound often results in an audience responding at first uneasily and in the end with laughter, missing the culminating effect of music with image in heightening the tension. Now the author only manages to create a silent mode by either omitting all references directly relating to sound and by emphasizing the visual effect, or by the absence of dialogue when there seems to be every need for coherent speech but speech fails as a means of communication. As Addie Bundren observed in As I Lay Dying, (172) a word is just a shape to fill a lack. Faulkner, wittingly or intuitively, quite often uses a lack to create a new shape, one which is silently able to reverse the expected situation and give it a totally different charge.The old clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ that sometimes silence speaks louder than words still holds true. Silence has gradually become the social distinction between civilization and barbarism since the introduction of book printing. Knowledge and wisdom were gathered from books instead of by orating. One should not ever disturb a reader. The signs in the library demand silence. As in a silent movie, Faulkner manages to weave into his work scenes that seem to be stripped of sound, where nature and human life go into a silent mode, and the only option left is to watch it unfold before your eyes. In these scenes particularly, he succeeds in mixing the tragic and comic tones in such a w ay that contemplation of the view is the result. Whether one should classify Faulkners work as being more tragi-comedy than comi-tragedy is a difficult and debatable matter. The consensus seems to lean towards it being predominantly tragic with varying degrees of comic relief. The outcome of that discussion, however, is less interesting to me than to try to demonstrate the powerful effect that mixing these two tones has. I will pay special attention Faulkners descriptions of motion and sound, in which we seem to be presented with a slide show of consecutive still images, more specifically in scenes from Pantaloon in Black, a story in Go Down, Moses, and from Light In August.Pantaloon in BlackFrom Go Down, MosesWhere romantic comedy says: these aggressions can be transcended, and realistic comedy says: these aggressions will be punished, tragic-comedy says these aggressions can neither be transcended nor brought to heel, they are human nature and they are life (342). Eric Bentley poi nts out, in these few words, the power, the purpose, and the effect of mixing tones in literature. Comedy alone, he argues, creates an unreal world. Tragedy, he continues, excludes most of mens experiences because of its emphasis on Beauty, Heroism, Nobility and Higher Truth(338). Any author writing about the complexities of modern man should consider this, as William Faulkner does in Pantaloon in Black. In this story, the reader is presented with the immense tragedy of Rider, the protagonist, and because of this, most readers miss the storys comic moments.A plot summary most likely will only emphasize the tragic elements. Rider mourns the death of his wife Mannie. He buries her, single-handedly, in an almost violent way. After all, she has caused him to change, to become a better man. After refusing to go home with his aunt and uncle, his surrogate parents, he returns home only to see her ghost and then to the sawmill where he works like a mad man, throwing an enormous log in a dar ing display of physical skill one showing his desire to die for without her he doesnt want to live anymore. After that he desperately tries to drink himself to death with moonshine he fought over and got from a bootlegger. A rush to a dice game follows, after another confrontation with his aunt, where he tangles with Birdsong, a crooked white man, whom he kills with a razor. Captured by the law, Riders story, as seen through his eyes, ends. The deputy sheriff, a myopic prejudiced man, tells the rest of Riders story to his extremely bored wife. Though he did not attempt to escape, Rider tears his cell apart, only to be beaten by members of a black chain gang all for naught for the next day, the deputy tells us, persons unknown take him from the jail and lynch him.However, it hardly captures the essence of the story, for the comic undertones make all the difference. The first hint the reader gets is in the title. Pantaloon (or pantalone) is a stock character in the Italian commedi a del arte1 and here juxtaposes with black, the color of death, tragedy and the deprived race in Go Down, Moses. It is Faulkners first notice of absurdity. Rider represents this absurdity, and faced with it in the end, all he can do is laugh. Life has cheated him of the woman who made all the difference; such a situation seems a cruel joke. In the opening scene he flings dirt on to her coffin, using an implement which resembled the toy shovel a child plays with at the shore, its half cubic foot of flung dirt no more than the light gout of sand the childs shovel would have flung (131). If one thinks of the wasted energy of the mad swings with the little dirt, one cannot help but laugh at this silent scene.When one sees that the grave lies in a barren garbage heap, full of shards of pottery and broken bottles and other objects insignificant to sight (132), one cannot fail to appreciate the irony; a woman, who meant so much to her husband, tragically buried in a trash heap. When Rider arrives at the sawmill, he needs food. One cannot write home about his table manners but humorous mime again underlies the tragedy. When he eats, he is cramming the food into his mouth with his hands, wolfing it pease again, also gelid and cold, a fragment of yesterdays Sunday fried chicken, a few rough chunks of this mornings fried sidemeat, a biscuit the size of a childs cap indiscriminate, tasteless (139). This gentle grief-stricken giant eats what looks like garbage, like an animal. After his display of brutal strength his aunts husband was waiting for him with a peach pie which he immediately starts, holding the pie with both hands, wolfing at He was blinking rapidly as he chewed, the whites of his eyes covered a little more by the creeping red. (140)Again, to the casual observer he, comically, eats like a hungry wolf. Nevertheless, the picture Faulkner paints tragically shows a man whose eyes betray, through the blinking and the red that is creeping in, his sincere sorrow an d depth of feeling. The apparent absurdity of the dice game, in spite of its violent outcome, is highlighted by the fact that throughout this entire scene Rider is smiling like a fool (147-149). The black men participating in the game are losing their money like fools. Though the story does not describe their actions, and they never talk, we are aware of their actions. They are present through the soiled and palm-worn money (148) in front of Birdsong, the cheating white man with the comic name, who is eventually unmasked and killed by a fool. Rider, the traditional character of pantaloon who has ranted and raved throughout the story, true to his role, has adapted to the absurdity of life itself. Life is a crooked crapshoot; the odds are mostly against you.The deputy cannot grasp the contradictory attitude of someone who willingly confesses to murder but does not want to be locked up. Ah done it. Jest dont lock me up, Rider is reported to have said (152). Because of his enormous stre ngth he tears his cell apart and rips the door out of the wall. Like in a cartoon he is then subdued by a road gang of black convicts: a big mass of nigger heads and arms and legs boiling around on the floor and even then Ketcham says every now and then a nigger would come flying out and through the air across the room, spraddled out like a flying Squirrel and with his eyes sticking out like car headlights (154). This fight is one of those silent scenes, the absence of sound emphasizing the ridiculousness of the visual image. When Rider realizes the silliness of mans struggle to survive, he can do nothing else but laugh and cry, the perfect blend of comi-tragedy. Readers feel deeply about him, through his silent laughter and tears, because we see him as an absurd hero, especially compared to the insensitive racist deputy. The end of the story is all the more powerful by its mixture of comic and tragic tones.Light In AugustIn this thematically multi-layered novel by Faulkner, the st ory of Lena Groves is structurally juxtaposed with the stories of Joe Christmas and Gail Hightower. The book starts and ends with Lena Grove, a young pregnant woman looking for the father of her unborn child who he walked out on her. In the end, we learn that she was not so much looking for him as traveling just to travel, living in the present, in touch with nature and confident it would eventually bring her to her purpose and destination. Joes tragic story starts in the third chapter and ends in the third-to-last. Hightowers story begins in the third and ends in the next-to-last. These three stories do not proceed chronologically but are felt, by most readers, to fuse into one unified novel. Some readers have argued that the novels unity comes from other elements than the structure; thematically the main characters embody such themes as racism, the heritage of the past, Christianity, community, male-female relations and personal identity.With the addition of Joanna Burden and Byro n Bunch, the five central characters encompass subsidiary themes as the contrasting attitudes of the different characters to time, the issue of man and nature (as in Go Down, Moses) and fate and martyrdom. Others say that the coincidence of them all being in the same town between the two climactic events of Joanna Burdens murder and Joe Christmass death provides enough unity, though their tales are separate and distinct. Still others argue that Faulkners stream of life presentation would have suffered under a less loose and open construction. By contrast, to Lena, Joe Christmas does not know who he is; his uncertain racial identity affects every aspect of his life. When the uncertain trace of black ancestry, for he is also called the mulatto (Cowley, 51), is known, it provokes very different responses. Yet, his claim that he belongs to the black race is ambivalent since he uses it to rebel against both black and white. He roams the country, like Lena, but without purpose, never sett ling or entering a long-lasting human relationship.His fate seems to inevitably push his lifes story to an inescapable and violent death. The reverend Gail Hightower, the preacher who is punished for not conforming to his congregations idea of practicing religion and because he was unable to keep his wife from behaving sinfully, seems rooted in the past, obsessed with the heroic past of his forebears. His story ends when he realizes that his detachment from life does not prevent him from being concerned with the events of the present. Like him, Joanna Burden compares badly to both her grandfather and father and is a victim of her stern religious upbringing, which Joe suffers from as well. Her abolitionist family moved down from the North and was never fully accepted. She leads a lonely life in an isolated mansion out of town. Joanna becomes involved with Joe, in a destructive and unequal relationship that fatefully foreshadows her demise, and is eventually murdered by him. Byron Bun ch, another solitary character, falls in love with Lena the moment he sees her, pregnant and all. After realizing that there is no alternative, for he worships her, he blindly follows her, wherever it may take him. This insultingly short rendering of such a comprehensive novel merely attempts to illustrate the predominantly tragic tone of the book.Nevertheless, as in Pantaloon in Black, there are numerous instances of mixing tones and what is more the silent mode is elaborated upon by another of Faulkners techniques. Like Keats in his Ode on a Grecian Urn Faulkner compares the wagons Lena has ridden in to figures carved on an urn: backrolling now behind her a long monotonous succession of peaceful and undeviating changes from day to dark and dark to day again, through which she advanced in identical and anonymous and deliberate wagons as though through a succession of crackwheeled and limpeared avatars, like something moving forever and without progress across an urn.(7)A paragraph later, she actually sits waiting by the side of the road for the next one, but this carts progress seems to stop, for it seems to hang suspended in the middle distance forever and forever (8). Yet, Lena thinks of herself as already moving, riding again Faulkner uses frozen motion, the absence of sound combined with the still picture, frequently. It also features in his descriptions of often chaotic and violent events. Readers and scholars argue about the interpretation: some say that, again like Keats, the nature of art is to freeze the captured motion in order to give us the chance to contemplate the scene from different points of view. However, one could also argue fatalistically that the characters destinies are as certain and their goals as unattainable as the urns ancient carvings. I will describe and analyse a scene with each of the five main characters in which frozen motion is used, showing that it does contribute to the greatness of this novel.Apart from showing the absurdi ty of mans existence, the effect of the tragic deaths of Joe and Joanna, and Hightowers new insight means next to nothing to the characters who inhabit the last chapter of Light In August. Contrary to the wife of the deputy in Pantaloon in black, who was not listening and not even interested, the wife of the furniture dealer is listening and intrigued. Her husband tells her of his meeting with Lena and Byron and their seemingly absurd interaction, for he only slowly starts to realize they are not man and wife, which we already know. When he comes to the part, which in every mans eyes must be the ultimate rejection, where Byron tries to lay with Lena in the back of the truck, there is a brief instant of frozen motion which is hilarious when we see and feel through his eyes that lay with can be seen as force upon.Byron is seen through the eyes of the dealer: I watched him climb slow and easy in the truck and disappear and then didnt anything happen for about while you could count mayb e fifteen slow Than motion slows down and comes to a ridiculous and also to him unexpected stop at that moment he comes out the back door of the truck. Not fast, and not climbing down on his own legs at all. For a moment, Byron is suspended there in mid-air, picked up and set outside by the strong Lena. The furniture dealer was half expecting rape, but this silent nonsensical picture evokes the sought after comic relief he needed and provokes a smile from the reader. Byron is then placed on the ground and spoken to with calm assurance: get some sleep. We got another fur piece to go tomorrow'(503 my italics). The dealer is not sure but Lena is, Byron will be there again, wild horses cannot drag him away.When Hightower, in a futile attempt to save Joe Christmas, tries to provide him with an alibi for the murder of Joanna Burden, there is another violent moment of some consecutive stills. Just before that, the raised and armed and manacled hands (463) of Joe had struck him down, caus ing the old man some facial injuries. The pursuers of Joe help him on his feet with his big pale face streaked with blood(464) to learn from him where Joe is hiding. When Hightower delivers his testimony as to Joes innocence, instead of giving the required response, he is literally flung aside. On the one hand, this demonstrates the ruthlessness of the white militia pursuers in finding and killing the now pronounced black Joe and reveals an extra layer of racial tension. On the other hand, it accentuates the insignificance of Hightowers attempt to return to the present, a huge step in the life of a man who has lived in the past for more than 20 years, by being flung aside by the same hands that picked him up. The whole tragic scene shifts to ridicule.Joe provokes people of both races into non-acceptance. He is violent by nature and deeply frustrated. It shouldnt come as a surprise that instances of frozen motion occur a lot around him. After his adoption by the probably Scottish Pre sbyterian McEacherns, the little Joe is about to receive his third consecutive beating with a strap, ten strokes after each hour, for he has failed to learn the catechism:Again on the dot of the hour McEachern looked up from the watch. Have you learned it? he said. The boy did not answer, did not move. When McEachern approached, he saw that the boy was not looking at the page at all, that his eyes were quite fixed and blank. When he put his hand on the book he found that the boy was clinging to it as if it were a rope or a post. When McEachern took the book forcibly from his hands, the boy fell at full length to the floor and did not move again. (151)One is aware that the tension between the two is enormous, the beating is administered without anger (which I find most scary), but both cling to the book, the older man for the content he tries to force onto the boy, the boy rejecting that but using its tangible presence for physical support. The moment that support is taken away from him, one can visualize series of stills in which the body does not yet realize the lack of support that kept it in balance for as long as it did, after which it collapses and the boy falls.There are also moments when Joe is the instigator of violence, for instance against Brown, the man who impregnated Lena, in the beginning of chapter five. These men are condemned to each other in an unequal relationship in which secrecy, dominance and the illegitimate selling of moonshine prevail. Joe is the more dominant of the two. Brown began to sing Shut it, Christmas said. He did not move and his voice was not raised. Yet Brown ceased at once (102). The silent threat is imminent and almost tangible. When Brown after an interval stumbles and falls and begins to laugh because he is drunk, Joe irritatedly hauled him out from beneath the cot and raised Browns head and began to strike him with his flat hand, short, vicious, and hard, until Brown ceased laughing.Christmas then proceeds, when Brown again starts laughing, to curse him in a level voice, all very controlled, and when that does not give the desired effect, Joe put his hand flat upon Browns mouth and nose, shutting his jaw with his left hand while with the right he struck Brown again with those hard, slow, measured blows, as if he were meting them out by count. Brown had stopped laughing (103). This resembles the way in which McEachern administered his beatings to Joe, without heat, pragmatically ensuring the desired effect, showing his upbringing. The sound of slapping must be there but seems to come slow, if at all, and seems to hang suspended over the whole scene. The drunken laughter, the calm silent threats and the ridiculous power one man has over the other makes this scene a whirlwind of conflicting emotions in which bewilderment struggles with the tragicality of the situation which is undermined by the comic.Howe2 says that from a dramatic point of view it is only appropriate that characters break out of th eir obscurity, collide, cause pain and then part. Faulkner once said that the writers he admired most were those who had tried to accomplish so much that they inevitably had to fail. It has been said that his great admiration for grand but doomed efforts shows in his novels too. Maybe Byron Bunchs assault on Brown is one of these doomed yet courageous actions as well as an appropriate dramatic breaking out for one of the two characters involved. It lasted less than two minutes. The small Bunch has the advantage of surprise and of a silent approach over the sitting but much taller Brown.In this soundless scene he wants to punish him for throwing away twice inside nine months what I aint had in thirtyfive years (which is Lena). It does not last long. Faulkner warns us twice and he foreshadows Byrons defeat: Youre bigger than me, Byron thought. Brown reverses the advantage because he cannot believe that any man, catching his enemy sitting, would give him a chance to get on his feet tha t was worse than an insult: it was ridicule (439). No sound in the few instances the man intending to do the beating gets beat and was lying quietly bleeding quietly about the face. (my italics) The complete earnest of Byrons seemingly futile attempt, although it releases him from the past and firmly puts him in the present, is tragic but the person picking a fight and losing it accordingly mostly deserves a wry compassionate smile.AfterthoughtsI think it was Bouwe Postmus3 who once said that one should never write about a work or an author one admires. I now see his point but it can not be avoided when one is just introduced to such a writer in the course of a term. Even by confining myself to what I thought to be a limited subject as comic-relief by means of the audio-visual modes of silence and still, the amount of perspectives is incredible. The shifting point of view and the distance and detachment with which the human enterprise is seen provides a response that transcends the individuals tragic encounter with the reality about him.I think I have shown that the mix of comical and tragical tones gives Faulkners work an extra dimension by which lifes duality is truly represented. Faulkners use of style figures, like an oxymoron, helps to deepen the contradictory human aspects that are present in his characters. One cannot be forced to see the portrayed events in this paper in the same way that I do. It does not prevent them from being seen for what they are: images that give a defeaning sound in the surrounding silence.

Profile of Filmmaker Errol Morris essays

Profile of Filmmaker Errol Morris essays Dallas police officer, Robert Wood, was shot five times and murdered after pulling over a vehicle for a minor traffic violation. Randall Dale Adams was arrested, convicted and sentenced to death for the crime. Adams plead "not guilty" to the charges. He claimed 16 year old David Harris, whom he had spent several hours with on the day of the crime, was the true killer. In Mark Singer's "Profile of Filmmaker Errol Morris," Singer describes Randall Adams case as it was portrayed in the movie The Thin Blue Line. Singer argues that Morris made the film to prove Adams innocence and illustrate "that Adams had received anything but a fair trial." Singer, an author for The New Yorker Magazine, took personal interest in the case because he, as well as Morris, believed Adams was innocent and deserved a new and fair trial. The prosecution won the case against Adams for three major reasons: David Harris' testimony, Prosecutor Douglas Mulder's prominence, determination, and the prosecutions three key eyewitnesses, Emily Miller, Robert Miller, and Michael Randell. After the conclusion of the trial Adams maintained his innocence and filmmaker, Errol Morris met with David Harris and began to have doubts about Adams guilt. Morris investigated the case further and discovered it was "unfair" on constitutional grounds and Adams was in fact innocent. Morris made a movie entitled The Thin Blue Line, which was a description of the actual events in the Adams homicide case. Morris intended to illustrate thirteen points of unwarranted prosecution. There were four blatant acts of perjury or outright unfairness in Adams first trial. Judge Metcalf would not permit the use David Harris' extensive previous criminal record, including pending charges in another county as evidence. This left Adams in the "guilty chair" even before the trial began. Prosecutor Mulder demanded a guilty verdict with a death penalty s ...

History 3a Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History 3a - Essay Example Lastly, another difference between the two revolutions was that American Revolution was against United Kingdom while French revolution focused its attention on French government that was led by King Louis XVI and other different coalitions (Office of Historian, 2012). One of the major similarities of the revolutions is that both revolutions aimed at overthrowing the legitimate monarchs that were governing the countries. In addition, both revolutions were bloody and a lot of people lost their lives during the revolution. Also both revolutions were agitated by people’s suffering that emanated by poor governance from the previous regimes. Therefore, both revolutions were political and social. Both revolutions gained support from each other. France supported Americans through sending troops and intellectuals such as Marquis De Lafayette while Americans sent Thomas Pain to assist in French revolution (Office of Historian, 2012). One of the aspects that gave strength to the slave was the African culture and their identity. As a result, masters ensured that they brainwashed the culture of the slaves through giving them new names and banning any form of cultural activities. Some of the cultural activities that slaves used to come together included African music and Saturday night dances which happened in the woods. In addition, the masters prevented the slaves from gathering an aspect that reduced their bond and strength to resist. Some of the ways that slaves used to resist included breaking of their masters equipments, stealing the masters provisions and use of lies in order to evade hard work. Masters set up stiff penalties to ensure that they curb these methods of resisting (Office of Historian, 2012). Another method that the masters used to prevent slaves from resisting is giving them a lot of workload. This ensured that slaves were always busy an aspect that reduced their free time which could