Sleep Deprivation Among College Students Essay -- Sleep Deprivation Es

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sleeping is something that is an essential part of human nature and is a must in order for one to be a functional human being. Sleep is an idea that is accompanied by many wives’ tales, including the ideas that one needs seven to eight hours of sleep each night and alcohol helps one fall asleep and sleep more soundly. One myth about sleep is that during sleeping, one is in a state of nothingness. In truth, however, it has been discovered that during sleep the brain is active, variations in heartbeat and breathing occur, and the eyes and ears are active throughout the time of sleep. These activities during a person’s sleep are important because they help that person be more aware, awake, and alert during consciousness. If all of these important activities occur during sleep, why is it that people are so willing to short themselves of this vital activity? Although much about sleep still remains a mystery, research and experiments continue to show how i mportant sleep is to each and every person. Throughout this paper, I will discuss sleep and the effects that it has on performance and health, especially in college students. A college student’s sleeping pattern is a reliable indicator to their level of performance in the classroom and other school-affiliated activities, as a lack of sleep leads to decreased performance. Sleep is directly related the level of performance and health in an individual; the more rested a person is, the better that person will perform and feel (Dryer, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One question that people seem to be unsure about is exactly how much sleep is enough sleep? In Inside Insomnia: How to Sleep Better Tonight, Dryer tells that the ideal amount of sleep may vary from person to person. She states that while seven to eight hours may seem to be the accepted average, there are no fixed norms. Some people sleep two hours nightly, while others sleep nine to twelve hours nightly without complaint. She goes on to say that as long as the hours of sleep that one has gotten leaves them feeling energetic and alert the next morning, then that person has met their sleep needs. Sleeping in excess does not always allow the person to feel more awake the next morning. Dryer believes that trying to sleep longer than needed will lead to hours of tossing and turning, and not necessarily feeling more awake the next morning. Basically, the ideal amount of sle... ...nied by misperceptions, illusions, and even hallucinations due to the lack of needed sleep (Zammit). Although rare and extreme, cases such as these have been documented. Sleep deprivation can also be detrimental when associated with emotional trauma. When deprived of sleep during a time of emotional distress, people are at a greater risk of becoming psychotic and needing electroshock therapy. While many of these effects are rare, they all have been known to exist. Research shows that sleep is a necessity in order for someone to be able to perform at their maximum potential. College students are no exception to the rule and are often at a greater risk to suffer from conditions that accompany sleep deprivation. Regardless of the time period, a college student must be well rested in order to perform at his or her best in terms of physical performance, memorization capabilities, and test-taking abilities. Also, without adequate sleep, the person will be more susceptible to illnesses, both mental and physical. In conclusion, I believe that sleep deprivation among college students is extremely common and has a direct effect on how well that student will perform or feel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Ethnicity and the Immigrant Experience

Ethnicity and the Immigrant Experience When thinking about immigration, most individuals imagine all different types of ethnic groups traveling to a separate land away from their own. Most imagine America. Immigration, throughout history, has occurred within all types of ethnicities. When taking a closer look at the individuals living in America, it is apparent that everyone is not exactly like one another. Assimilation becomes a popular word used when discussing migration, and both positives and negatives come along with it.Two theorists that discuss the meaning of assimilation in their writings are Stephen Steinberg in his book, Ethnic Myth, and Milton Gordon in his book Assimilation in American Life. They discuss issues regarding assimilation and how they affect the nation as a whole. A novel written by Chang-Rae Lee titled, Native Speaker, gives specific examples as to how the assimilation process affects others and the migrants themselves, as also described in both Steinberg and Gordon’s books.In Steinberg’s book, Ethnic Myth, he discusses with his readers the issues regarding ethnic identity and assimilation. This is presented and explained in the chapter titled, The Atrophy of Ethnic Cultures. He first talks about the idea of the â€Å"melting pot† and how it should not be analyzed lightly. He gives a quote from John Higham that says, â€Å"Loud assertions of pluralism almost invariably betray fears of assimilation† (Steinberg, 59). This means that minority groups that try to maintain their cultural traditions may, in fact, risk assimilation by doing so.Another point he brings to the surface is that when looking back at second or third generations of a specific minority group, these people still can relate back to their original traditions and culture identity. He then says, â€Å"But can the same be said of the new generation which has known only the Americanized version of the original culture? † (Steinberg, 60). This is an obvious prevailing issue when it comes to preserving ones culture.An example within the novel, Native Speaker, would be when Henry, the main character described as a Korean immigrant, explains the history with his father. His father, living in America, would gather with friends and participate in ggeh’s, or â€Å"money clubs. † Here they would win money and eventually, that is all that mattered to the Korean group. The shift from typical Korean traditions to owning all this land and money in American became a vast transformation. Henry says about his father, â€Å"In America, he said, it’s even hard to stay Korean. These alterations from one ethnic experience and tradition to another can be lost very quickly and potentially never be replenished. Throughout both Steinberg and Gordon’s writing, they both have similarities and differences when regarding assimilation. Gordon talks about these â€Å"ethnic meetings† which refer to assimilation. Throughout Gordon’s chapter titled, The Nature of Assimilation, he gives a numerous amount of definitions from theorists and writers that differ in various ways.In an essay that Gordon leaves the author anonymous in this chapter defines assimilation as â€Å"the process by which different cultures, or individuals or groups representing different cultures, are merged into a homogenous unit. Here Gordon talks about assimilation as positive, whereas Steinberg takes a different approach. Steinberg suggests that assimilation is not always a positive aspect simply because it can result in the loss of a cultural identity. This is present in Native Speaker because Henry continuously tries indulging himself into American culture.He cannot fully accomplish this, which essentially results in his wife, Lelia, leaving him in the beginning of the novel. As there are differences within Steinberg and Gordon’s readings, they do agree upon their understanding of the nature within assim ilation. Gordon says that cultural behavior changes â€Å"may take place in the cultures of either one of the two groups, or there may be a reciprocal influence whereby the cultures of both groups are modified† (Gordon, 62).Steinberg agrees with this statement because he suggests that the changing of one’s culture is at high risk when incorporated into a different culture. He says, â€Å"The ethnic crisis only begins with the fact that the core elements of traditional culture have been modified, diluted, compromised, and finally relinquished† (Steinberg, 62). Both writers describe this lack of identity in one way or another. Assimilation is apparent in any society, especially America. People of different backgrounds continuously trying to come together to create one nation is a crucial aspect in society today.Steinberg, Gordon, and Lee all discuss how assimilation has issues when it comes to preserving ones ethnic traditions and identity. What they all convey to readers however, is the fact that the merging of cultures will forever be essential and inevitable. Works Cited Steinberg, Steven. The Ethnic Myth: Race, Ethnicity, and Class in America. Boston: Beacon Press, 1978. Print. Lee, Chang-Rae. Native Speaker. New York: Riverhead Books, 1995. Print. Gordon, Milton. The Nature of Assimilation. Oxford University Press, 1964. eBook.

The Food Stamp Program And The Supplemental Nutrition...

Formerly known as the Food Stamp Program (FSP), The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the largest federal nutrition-assistance program and exists to protect low-income Americans from hunger and its associated consequences by increasing access to food. Approximately 44 million people received SNAP benefits this year as of August of 2016.1 Due to the fact that low-income Americans tend to have problems with obesity and poor diet2,3, it would make sense that there would be interest to endorse healthy choices by means of federally nutrition assistance programs.4 However, there is insufficient evidence to require SNAP participants to spend a certain percentage of their benefits on healthy foods because food stamp participation may not contribute to poor diet quality, restrictions may not be effective in changing what food stamp participants purchase, and there is no solid evidence that exists that Food Stamp Program participation directly leads to obesity. This policy is not necessary for a variety of reasons. For one, participation in the Food Stamp program may not necessarily contribute to poor diet quality. A statement released by the USDA claims that food stamp recipients are equally likely to choose foods with minimal nutritional value as those who do not receive food stamp benefits4. In a recent evaluation and analysis of many instances of data about the quality of SNAP participant’s diet differences from those with a similar income who are notShow MoreRelatedThe Food Stamp Program Has Been Renamed Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe food stamp program has been renamed Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), but for many people, it is the only source of income for food. Following the guidelines of this project, I started with a weekly budget of a mere $60 for my family of two. Based on class discussions, relative poverty is defined as being poor by the standards of oneâ⠂¬â„¢s own society. According to this definition, I am living in relative poverty. My family fits into three of the demographics of poverty: single parentRead MoreSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( Snap ) Formerly Known As The Food Stamp Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) formerly known as the Food Stamp Program was created in 1964 by President Johnson. In order to get rid of the stigma that the name had, a law was passed changing its name to SNAP in late 20008. The purpose of the program is to help low income individuals and families by providing economic benefits to communities. SNAP is considered to be one of the largest program in domestic hunger safety net. Another popular program is the Community Food ProjectsRead MoreThe United States Food Stamp Program1708 Words   |  7 Pages8 slices of store-made angel food cake (â€Å"ShopRite of Poughkeepsie Weekly Ad Week of April 20 through April 26†). Can you survive on that for a week? The average single able bodied, unemployed Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipient in New York receives around $30 a week to purchase food (â€Å"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program†). The food stamp program was made national by the Food Stamp Act of 1964 by President Lyndon. B. Johnson (â€Å"Food Stamps in the U.S†). Today, over 47Read MoreFarm Bill Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesSNAP Back to the Basics The original intent of the food programs developed by USDA were to dispose of surplus farm production created by farm subsidy programs. (Edwards, 2016) Since original implementations of the food programs, farm groups and anti-poverty groups have rallied behind these subsidies, requesting more government support at the expense of the taxpayer for their organizations. These government handouts have created an entitled, â€Å"subsidy-dependent monster† that has hands reaching outRead MoreFood Stamps to SNAP Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesFood Stamp is a government-funded program in the United States. This is a program that helps people buy food for their families; in other words, it is a very important program to families living in poverty. It is the nation’s most important program in the fight against hunger. This program was developed in the 1960’s; it is made to improve the nutrition level and food purchasing power of people with low-income. This program is offe red to people who cannot afford to buy groceries for their familiesRead MoreSocial Policies And Welfare And Social Issues1621 Words   |  7 PagesSocial policies are public policies of which the government uses for welfare and social issues. Welfare, according to American Politics Today, is the financial or other assistance provided to individuals by the government, usually based on need (Bianco 448). These welfare programs play a role in citizen s lives, especially those of low income. However, in some instances, they are there to help the wealthy as well, such as bailouts of the financial sector. As the textbook reads, the persistenceRead MoreThe United States Department Of Agriculture Essay1282 Words   |  6 PagesDepartment of Agriculture (USDA) administers food assistance programs that help provide food for low to no income families. It is their goal to increase food security and reduce hunger by increasing access to food, a healthful diet, and nutrition education for low-i ncome Americans (Caswell, 2013, para. 1). Some of the current nutrition assistance programs include â€Å"the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)†(CaswellRead MoreThe s Policy Analysis Model1328 Words   |  6 Pagesincludes among its goals to increase food security and reduce hunger by increasing access to food, a healthful diet, and nutrition education for low-income Americans. (Caswell, 2003) Now that the program has been around for many years we need to ask ourselves how effective it is. Does it really help the people it is targeted to help? Is the mission of the policy being carried out? This case study will go in depth and look at the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) to analyze its effectivenessRead MoreFood Insecurity And Its Effects On Health1258 Words   |  6 PagesFood insecurity is defined as â€Å"limited or uncertain availability of nutrition ally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways.†1 Food insecurity data found that in America, 12.7% of households were food insecure at some point and 5% of households had very low food security in 2015.2 The prevalence of food insecurity in Ohio was greater than the national average in 2015, with 16.1% of households reporting food insecurity.2 TheRead MoreThe Food, Conservation, And Energy Act Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe Food, Conservation, and Energy Act The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act was passed on May 14, 2008 after a historical veto by the President led to an override by Congress to enact the new farm bill into law. The new bill contained numerous provisions in order to truly reform efforts to establish farm and food safety throughout the United States. This paper will focus on the provision that led to the renaming of the Food Stamp Act and Program as well as the act’s plans to allocate more than

Environmental Pollution, Problems and Control Measures

Environmental pollution, problems and control measures A. Introduction and definition of environmental pollution – We know that, a living organism cannot live by itself. Organisms interact among themselves. Hence, all organisms, such as plants, animals and human beings, as well as the physical surroundings with whom we interact, form a part of our environment. All these constituents of the environment are dependent upon each other. Thus, they maintain a balance in nature. As we are the only organisms try to modify the environment to fulfill our needs; it is our responsibility to take necessary steps to control the environmental imbalances. The environmental imbalance gives rise to various environmental problems. Some of the environmental†¦show more content†¦Ozone (O3) depletion has resulted in UV radiation striking our earth. The gaseous composition of unpolluted air The Gases Parts per million (vol) Nitrogen 756,500 Oxygen 202,900 Water 31,200 Argon 9,000 Carbon Dioxide 305 Neon 17.4 Helium 5.0 Methane 0.97-1.16 Krypton 0.97 Nitrous oxide 0.49 Hydrogen 0.49 Xenon 0.08 Organic vapours ca.0.02 Harmful Effects of air pollution – (a) It affects respiratory system of living organisms and causes bronchitis, asthma, lung cancer, pneumonia etc. Carbon monoxide (CO) emitted from motor vehicles and cigarette smoke affects the central nervous system. (b) Due to depletion of ozone layer, UV radiation reaches the earth. UV radiation causes skin cancer, damage to eyes and immune system. (c) Acid rain is also a result of air pollution. This is caused by presence of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur in the air. These oxides dissolve in rain water to form nitric acid and sulfuric acid respectively. Various monuments, buildings, and statues are damaged due to corrosion by acid present in the rain. The soil also becomes acidic. The cumulative effect is the gradual degradation of soil and a decline in forest and agricultural productivity. (d) The green house gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) trap the heat radiated from earth. This leads to an increase in earth’s temperature. (e) Some toxic metals and pesticides also cause airShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Activism in China1130 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Activism in China I. Introduction China witnesses rapid economic growth after the economic reform in 1978. This economic development brings people great wealth and also a huge cost on the environment. Water and air pollution are among most serious environmental problems, others like soil retrogression and degradation, deforestation, and human health problems coming with these issues are becoming more severe too. In addition, due to China’s biggest population on earth, the impactRead MorePollution As An Environmental Problem1426 Words   |  6 PagesPOLLUTION AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM Introduction The environment is always facing sudden changes due to natural forces like the eruption of volcanic and earthquakes. However human activities have in the recent times being blamed as the major contributor to the majority of the environmental problems that there are today. Among the numerous environmental issues is pollution. Human activities have been solely responsible for soil, water, and air pollution that has made the entire environment pollutedRead MoreA Brief Note On The Agency Of Environment And Forest Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pages . Preventation: GOVERNMENTAL STEPS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL IN BANGLADESH The ‘Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF)’of Bangladesh is primarily responsible for environmental protection. It was created in 1989. The MOEF has taken some steps to control the environmental pollution of Bangladesh. National Environmental Management Action: Plan (NEMAP). The government has taken a project named NEMAP to integrate environment with the development in a policy framework. It provides a guideline for promotingRead MoreHong Kong’s Environmental Problems and Solutions1223 Words   |  5 PagesHong Kong’s environmental problems and solutions Hong Kong is one of the top financial centers in the world. Thus, the environmental quality of Hong Kong is very important. It is because the environmental quality is indirectly linking to the image of Hong Kong. Moreover, the living standard of Hong Kong residents is also under influencing of the environmental quality. However, Hong Kong is now surviving serious environmental problems. Poor air quality, noise problem and heavy traffic loads are theRead MoreEssay on The Taj Mahal Problem1106 Words   |  5 Pagesdeterioration are the numerous factories in Agra that are causing high levels of suspended particulate matter, with a mixture of factory emissions, vehicle exhaust, dust and construction material. In addition to this, the dropping water tables and the pollution of the river Yamuna that runs alongside the Taj has led to a drop in the underground water level by four metres over recent years. According to a local activist, â€Å"The levels are much lower than they were when it was built and there is a serious riskRead MoreAir Pollution Continuously Affects The World1002 Words   |  5 PagesAhmad Abdulrahim Professor Rayan ENG 114 Dec.3.2014 Air pollution Air pollution continuously affects the world in ways that are both invisible and visible. Human beings have a tendency of forgetting how harmful air pollution can be. Therefore, there is less attention about the future impacts such as global warming, health problems, damages of the ecosystem and natural habitats being destroyed. The least amount of effort that is being put into ensuring the future of the earth is better in order forRead MoreAir Pollution As A Growing Problem1530 Words   |  7 PagesSince last century, air pollution has become one of the most popular topics related to people’s healthy life. After the Second World War, the consumption of fossil energy increase sharply due to the rapid development of industry and transportation, however, there almost no relevant environmental regulations to control the negative effects caused by industrial emissions. Therefore, air pollution became a growing problem. This paper will compare the conditions of air pollution betwe en Los Angeles andRead MoreOverview of Air Pollution1861 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Air pollution remains one of the most urgent and serious problems facing the world today. Research studies conducted in the past have clearly indicated that in addition to harming the environment, the effects of air pollution on human health are particularly adverse. In this text, I discuss air pollution, its causes, and effects. Further, I propose solutions that could be embraced to rein in the problem of air pollution. Air Pollution: An Overview Air pollution in the words of MillerRead MoreMaking Better Decisions on Environmental Issues997 Words   |  4 Pages Intro to GIS and environmental management GIS (Geographic Information System) is a new geographical research technology since the 1960s, which is a powerful software that allows a virtually unlimited amount of information to be linked to a geographic location. The more and more extensive environmental causes, abundant data resources from scientific researches, as well as the continuous improvement of the computer and GIS technology, all call for wider and deeper application of GIS in the environmentRead MoreThe Study On Environemtal Pollution Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesThe Study on ‘ Environemtal pollution has been accomplished with the useful efforts and contribution of the group members. Working on this term paper has been very beneficial for us as it is related to our course ‘Businees law. This term paper has given us a big boost to the development of our bookish knowledge with the help of practical knowledge and group discussions. We would like to thank our honorable faculty member Fahmida Hasan for giving us the opportunity to make this term paper. Then

Why Is Learning A Language - 1387 Words

How many languages is there in the world? And how many languages are there to be learned? On an average count of people, two language is the most that someone has knowledge of, making them bilingual. However, it is not easy to learn a language that is native to them. Some take most interest in learning, but some are required to learn by taking a language class in high school. Besides learning a different language, what about learning a language that is native to you? Just because a language is native to you, does not mean you know the aspect, detail and branch of it. Learning how to speak a new language is not the same as reading a book. Learning how to talk is a norm, it s something you experience and hear everyday. While speech is a skill that comes natural in life, reading and writing is a skill that needs to be learned. It s a challenge for everyone to exceed this skill but sooner or later, at different rates, everyone will succeed. For Malcolm X, he exceeded that skill in an env ironment much contrasting than a school as well as in a much further time in his life. In his essay, â€Å"Homemade Education,† he explains his struggle of his education transformation while being convicted. For Christine Marin, a Mexican-American, she perfected her first language, English. She was not fluent in her native language, Spanish. Even though she was raised without learning her native tongue, she overcame her American side and became a very successful women, but there is no escaping herShow MoreRelatedWhy Are Learning A Second Language?945 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloping the corresponding skills. They believe that students who are learning a second language take the skills they know from their first language and relate them to concepts they are learning in the second language. When doing this the students will have a positive transfer and a negative transfer of concepts. A positive transfer is when they relate to their second language and there are similarities be tween the languages, for example when words seem to sound the same and have the same meaningsRead MoreWhy Learning A Foreign Language Is Important?832 Words   |  4 PagesWhy Learning a Foreign Language is Important? Language is very important for every human being. It helps us to communicate with each other also to be able to read, write and understand what we see in the books, television and streets. Language is a system, which helps the humans to operate and communicate similar to the need for operating system that helps the processor to make the hardware and the software work, likewise our need for the language, which helps us to improve our brain that makesRead MoreWhy Motivation Is Key for Second Language Learning Success2023 Words   |  9 PagesWhy student motivation is key to foreign language learning success Author: Christopher Merrifield August 2008 Acquisition requires meaningful interaction in the target language - natural communication - in which speakers are concerned not with the form of their utterances but with the messages they are conveying and understanding. Stephen Krashen. The principles of L2 teaching philosophy has greatly changed from the ancient principles of the Grammar-Translation approach historically usedRead MoreTen Reasons Why You Should Learn Spanish Essay837 Words   |  4 Pages10 reasons why you should learn Spanish Anyone who studies Spanish will tell you it is an interesting foreign language. Not only because of the sound of it, pronunciations and the articulation but also because it is new to them. Spanish people do not study Spanish if they already know it. However, Spanish like other foreign languages has advantages and effects that are desirable and essential to a learner that one dare not ignore. Spanish is one of the most spoken languages in the entire world.Read MoreA Study of Learning Strategies in L2 Acquisition1660 Words   |  7 PagesA Study of Learning Strategies in L2 Acquisition 〠Abstract】With the concept of autonomy being part of the mainstream of research and practice within the field of language education, the study of learning strategies in L2 acquisition has drawn much attention. This paper discusses the issues covering the fundamental aspect: identification and classification of learning strategy. The problems are reviewed concerning the definition and classification of learning strategies and then the paper tentativelyRead MoreBilingual Education For Deaf Children914 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish is an interesting language ,English is comprised of many different words from different languages all mashed up and mixed together. English is a very hard language to learn, especially if you can’t hear it. How easy would it be to confuse a â€Å"B† with a â€Å"P† they sound similar and when trying to lip read how can you tell the difference? I feel that young Deaf/hard of hearing students should be taught by a Deaf teacher or a child of a Deaf adult (C.O.D.A) teacher is important because ASL isRead MoreShould Students Be Mandatory For High School Students?1183 Words   |  5 PagesEver wonder why you’re required to take two or more years of a foreign language? It is now mandatory for high school students to take a foreign language and they don’t fully understand why. Learning a language may help develop empathy in some people toward others, however, gaining insight for other nationalities may be realized by learning about their traditions and history instead of learning to speak their language. A second language could expand job opportunities, although, for the most part,Read MoreArticle Review on Using What We Know about Language and Literary Development for ESL Students in the Mainstream Classroom661 Words   |  3 PagesUsing What We Know about Language and Literacy Development for ESL Students in the Mainstream Classroom by Susan Watts-Taffe and Diane M. Truscott. In the article W atts-Taffe and Truscott draw on the latest research in language learning and ESL to offer guidance to our readers for teaching second-language learners in integrated settings (Watts-Taffe Truscoot, n.d.). The article focuses on the following: what we know about literacy development, what we know about language proficiency and literacyRead MoreHow Babies Talks by Roberta Michnick Golink and Kathy Hirsh-Pasek831 Words   |  3 Pages How Babies Talk is a book written by Roberta Michnick Golinkoff and Kathy Hirsh-Pasek. The book discusses how babies acquire language throughout various stages (The first three years of life) of their infant life. The chapter I chose to elaborate on was chapter 7, which outlines language and grammar between the ages of twenty-four to thirty-six months. Chapter 7 begins with the ways children develop more sophisticated grammar and vocabulary. Golinkoff states that the usage of â€Å"the† â€Å"-ing† â€Å"-s†Read MoreForeign Language Curriculum Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesS. government has acknowledged the demand for foreign languages, but managed to reduce funds that support language programs for K-12 grades. However, advocates have been emphasizing the importance of learning a foreign language at a younger age to promote the program. School districts have developed a plan to incorporate a foreign language curriculum in grade schools, which is designed to improve communicative competencies. Learning a language at adolescent years helps with the memory, creativity

Collaborative Supply Chain Relations Free-Sample for Students

Questions: 1.Discuss the Challenges faced by Pharmaceutical Company. 2.Which of these Challenges Provide the Best Opportunity for LVTLS and Why? Answers: 1.Pharmaceutical Challenges from 2008 Global Great Recession The challenges reported in literatures that face pharmaceuticals in Mid-Atlantic States of Pennsylvania and Lansdale were caused by the Global great recession of 2008 in United States. Reports showed that the recession did destroy a worth value of financial assets that was owned by US households. The recession was caused by drop in property prices in United States affecting other countries economies as well. Economists explained the sequence that led to recession. Theoretically explanations are that Low mortgage prices led households and investors to buy speculating increases in prices in the future. The buying of property led to more demand for real estates more households bought more properties from cheap credits. In the long run the prices did crumble down leading to a crisis (Lennerns, H. Langguth, P. Yamashita, S. Crommelin, D. 2014, 1). Several families were unable to pay for these credits. Formal sources stated that the overall effect of the crisis was felt by several countries and individual businesses. There were large deficits in several countries economies, and collapse in major business. Majority of the banks did change their perception and could no longer offer credits due to high risks. Lack of credit facilitation led to liquidity crisis that affected global financial systems. Business and firms were unable to get financial support for the business (Lennerns, H. Langguth, P. Yamashita, S. Crommelin, D. 2014, 16). Other effects of the great global reported in written sources included: job loses, trade flows collapsing; unemployment increased, and led to sluggish in real wages payments. Households were affected with increase in food and energy crisis, and were unable to obtain any financial support. Several countries suffered lower economic growth, value less exports, and increase in poverty index. Pharmaceutical firms were affected too in Pennsylvania and Lansda le. The firms had to cut down productions and some relationship with business partners. The firms had to cut down relationships with the governments. In economic market when prices decline consumption of medicine decline too. During this period the pharmaceutical firms were highly affected because the crisis led to lower consumption of medicines (Novac, N. 2013, 45). The financial crisis showed that if the country GDP drops it affects consumption levels of pharmaceutical products. The financial crisis reduced income levels among households and individuals as a result had to cut down part of their consumption of medicine, food, and energy. Lower consumption among households reduced the percentage of pharmaceutical products being sold in Pennsylvania and Lansdale. The aftermath of any recession is searching for better ways to make survival. Pharmaceutical firms then were faced with challenge of trying to look for strategic ways of increasing consumption of medicines and lowering their expenditure costs. Some of the pharmaceuticals cut down costs by shortening distribution channels and closing down some of the supply outlets. The financial crisis led other governments to increase value added tax (TAX) to products like medicines in order to support the ailing economy. The direct increase of the tax led to increase in prices for pharmaceutical products. Price increase of medicines directly affected the number of it being bought. The consumption levels of medicines dropped that affected several pharmaceutical firms in Pennsylvania and Lansdale. Their business dropped down they were unable to make substantive sales to support their running costs (Gilmour, P., 2013, 34). They were then faced with the challenge of better ways of increasing sales without adding prices for the medicines. Other notable finding was in differential in brand consumption of medicine. Consumption of medicines for acute illness decreased compared to those of chronic illnesses. The pharmaceutical firms were faced with challenges of promoting consumption of certain brands of medicines. The global great recession led many countries to tail down government budget spending on health services. The recession affected several of government policies. Reduction of the budget affected health care services in respective countries. Fewer medicines were made available to hospitals and supply of them reduced too. Firms supplying the medicine lacked business because they could not continue working with the government. Pharmaceutical firms in Pennsylvania and Lansdale had a challenge of looking for different business partners to replace the government. The challenge created more competition among the pharmaceutical because the customer outlets had reduced. The firms had a challenge of trying to remain competitive in the industry. Better competitive strategies for pharmaceutical firms could have been useful in increasing business (Yang, Y. Sung, C. 2016, 34). In Pennsylvania and Lansdale an increase of fees on health care was documented. The increase was an extra burden for patients for they had to shoulder it. The extra fees covered prices for pharmaceutical medicines. Increase in health care fees directly has an impact it makes it unaffordable to many poor families. Financial recession did also affect health insurance policy patients in Pennsylvania and Lansdale because they were unable to pay for their premiums and that led to their covers to be discontinued (Stahl-Timmins, W. White, M. Depledge, M. Fleming, L. Redshaw, C. 2013, 56). Both factors contributed to lower consumption of medicines which did affect supply by pharmaceutical firms. Business in the industry had to face the challenge in trying to manage decreasing consumption levels among patients. In general pharmaceutical firms in Pennsylvania and Lansdale were faced with challenges during the global recession of reducing operational costs, increasing consumption levels, coming up with new partnerships business, and increasing sales of certain brands of medicines. They were also looking for better ways of using new technology and supply chains. 2.Lvtls Opportunity to Pharmaceutical Challenges Economists and theorists explain that amongst challenges there are opportunities existing. Lehigh Valley transport and logistics service (LVTLS) was established in 1960 by Mason it is a local carriage company dealing with pickup and delivery services. The company has been able to strategize and capitalize on the increasing market in Pennsylvania and Lansdale. The company is currently utilizing Information systems and technology in its operations. In addition it has developed other logistics systems for distribution and storage (Singh, S. Bharati, S. Kumar, M. 2013, 9). After the financial recession the company was focusing cost control and creating relationships to cover current and future economic volatility. The financial recession in 2008 did affect several pharmaceutical firms in Pennsylvania and Lansdale and it resulted to several challenges to the industry. The management of LVTLS was focusing to use the challenges and convert them into opportunities. A collaborative strategy involves a close participation of parties involved. LVTLS employed collaborative relationship in its supply chain management with several pharmaceutical firms in Pennsylvania and Lansdale (Awan, N. Khan, M. 2015, 7). The main aim was to provide a logistic system solution that provides fast transportation, decentralized warehousing system, sharing information and having a rapid order processing (Fanti, M. Iacobellis, G. Ukovich, W. Boschian, V. Georgoulas, G. Stylios, C. 2015, 56). The agreement between LVTLS and pharmaceutical firms focused on improving future collaborations. The agreements were guided by three principles of category management, product replenishment, and enabling technologies. In category management the supplier and customer work on the product category to improve marketing strategies (Wang, G. Gunasekaran, A., Ngai, E. Papadopoulos, T., 2016, 23). Product replenishment involved a process of minimizing total risks. Use of enabling technology involved practicing and employing suitable technologies in supply chain management. The use of technology is seen by the firm where it has employed LVTLS in managing information with pharmaceutical firms. Collaborative relationship refers to a means where companies in a supply chain are working to unified common goal (Grabara, J. Kolcun, M. Kot, S. 2014, 45). Collaboration in supply chain management explains an integrative supply chain where independent companies act as a single entity managed by customer demand. Employment of strategies in a collaborative relationship between firms is proved to improve share of profits, reduction of risks, knowledge and informations. LVTLS was intending to join a strategic supply collaboration that will the following intensions of breaking down barriers between collaborative parties, having a higher level of trust, allowing efficient flow of real information among strong trading partners, and formulating an agreed framework of collaborations. The various pharmaceutical firms were focusing to remove the challenges they were facing especially of a lower demand of products. The collaborative logistics policy is empirical proven to be a suitable solution to these challenges (Guarnieri, P. Sobreiro, V. Nagano, M. Serrano, A. 2015, 45). The relation involved pharmaceutical firms outsource its logistic activity to a third party. The third party chosen was LVTLS. Any good logistic system ensures that products meet the purchasing rights (right quality, right time, right place, right quantity, and right price) (Grabara, J. Kolcun, M. Kot, S. 2014, 45). Business firms need to employ a supply strategy that covers good collaborations, integrations, communications, sharing of resources and mitigation of risks. LVTLS employed a collaborative logistics strategy with pharmaceutical firms which covered significant solutions for costs reductions, improved supply chain efficiency, and creation of flexibility among trading partners in order to meet consumer demands (Kabir, M. 2013, 6). The focus of the collaborative relation was to provide necessary support and value a ddition for pharmaceutical firms in order to meet customer needs (Selviaridis, K. Norrman, A. 2015, 34). LVTLS use of technology and information systems was critical in improving efficiency and transformation of supply chain systems. The product quality in supply chain between the LVTLS and pharmaceutical firms was achieved by employing a good process for quality (Wang, B. Hu, L. Siahaan, T. 2016, 45). Quality was achieved by having a shared flat form supported by use of technology which allowed shared flow of materials and information from vendors and customers (Hsu, C. Tan, K. Mohamad Z. 2016, 45). The use of new technologies is useful in managing supply chain between each party capability by improving performance. LVTLS and pharmaceutical firms have employed information sharing policy which allows sharing of customer information. The IS links the communication system of both parties (Potter, A. Lalwani, C. Disney, S. Velho, H. 2016, 34). Example of IS system was the data processing information system (DIS) and distribution processing information system (DIS). The IS and technology was useful in collecting information regarding inventory levels, sales data, tracking/tracking orders, sales forecast, performance metrics, and delivery schedule (Kaufmann, L. Carter, C. Rauer, J. 2016, 34). The use of technology became a useful tool in sharing information between the LVTLS and pharmaceutical firms. It facilitated easy decision making among the parties in the relationship. The agreement between LVTLS and pharmaceutical firms agreed to have a collaboration supply chain system which contains a risk mitigation mechanism. The plan was to ensure that risks are reduced in entire process of delivery to final consumer. Part of the agreement was to have a scheduled and planned logistic management. The system specified time schedules and quantity to be delivered. Any bad supply chain logistic system allows risks which disrupts operations thus leading unnecessary costs. The agreement between the parties was on sharing of delivery risks. The performance of fewer loses originating from products is measured upon the good logistic and supply chain (Gorton, F., 2013, 67). Fewer risks can be reported on how well warehousing, distribution and retailing are managed well (Schnsleben, P. 2016, 3). LVTLS and pharmaceutical firms employed a horizontal type of collaborations which is suitable for non- competing companies. The relationship was characterized by sharing of warehouse space, sharing of deliveries to retailers, sharing of costs together and buying infrastructure together (Harms, D. Hansen, E. Schaltegger, S. 2013, 23). The relationship was critical in facilitating mutual gain cost relationship (McKinnon, A. 2013, 24). It tries to build long lasting relationships between the parties involved. The collaboration of the firms in supply chain management explains an integrative supply chain where independent companies act as a single entity managed by customer demands (Verhetsel, A. Kessels, R. Goos, P. Zijlstra, T. Blomme, N. Cant, J. 2015, 45). Conslusion The financial crisis that occurred in 2008 in United States affected several industries, economies and countries. To be able to capitalize on rising opportunities and promote good business understanding logistic collaboration relation approach was necessary. The collaborative relationship supply chain between LVTLS and pharmaceutical involved offering the firms warehouse services and delivery services. Strategic collaborations have been known to bore fruits for parties involved. Both parties were able to share information using information technology through a well-defined information sharing points. Every party becomes responsible and accountable to the relationship. The strategic relationship resulted to several benefits which include: increased efficiency, reduction in costs, lower investment risks and costs, improved customer responsiveness, flexibility to changing market conditions, and improved customer service. LVTLS was looking for suitable strategies and approaches for its l ogistics and transport system. The supply chain collaborative relationship was able to solve some of the challenges facing the pharmaceutical industry and made them to remain a float during and after the great recession crisis of 2008. References Awan, N.H. and Khan, M.S., 2015. The Impact of the logistics outsourcing of activities of Supply chain in Pharmaceutical industry in Karachi. Market Forces, 10(2), pp.23-69 Fanti, M.P., Iacobellis, G., Ukovich, W., Boschian, V., Georgoulas, G. and Stylios, C., 2015. A simulation based Decision Support System for logistics management. Journal of Computational Science, 10, pp.86-96. Gilmour, P., 2013. 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Service quality improvement strategies for liner-carrier-based global logistics companies. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 8(4), pp.456-487

Macbeth Essays (363 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Macbeth is a tragic hero, a person of high rank who is brought to eventual ruin by a flaw in his character Macbeth's tragic flaw is his ambition, which leads him to a series of bloody and increasingly indefensible acts. The most apparent flaw, and perhaps the most tragic in Macbeth's character, is his lack of patients and temperance. These shortcomings haunted Macbeth, causing him to let his overvaulting ambition rush fate, and hasten his doom. Macbeth could not wait for an appointment to a position of more power. Instead, he murdered the king to take his place. Opting not to wait to see if Banquo would be loyal to him, Macbeth had his companion murdered. His impatience led Macbeth to listen to his wife, the witches, and his darker side. He again informed people what a good man was not. In the end, Macbeth did regain a shred of his previous distinction when he faced his adversaries like a true warrior. Macbeth's last words are those of a good man who faces his own problems. To Macduff he shouts his last words, Before my bodyI throw my warlike shield. Lay on, Macduff,And damn'd be him that first cries, `Hold, enough! Like a bear, Macbeth regains his seat of honor, and becomes in his last breath, a go od man. To proceed further, MacBeth's superstitious and vivid imagination is also a primary contributor to his downfall. MacBeth's belief in the weird sisters and their prophecies is perhaps the greatest flaw that leads to his demise. It is his option to take the witches' words as having any substance. MacBeth can assume that the prophecies becoming reality is merely coincidental, but his superstition and curiosity in the Weird Sisters is the basis for all his actions after his first visit with the hideous hags. Glamis, and Thane of Cawdor: the greatest is behind....Two truths are told... (1,3) Upon hearing that the king has pronounced him Thane of Cawdor, MacBeth immediately finds that the witches were correct in their prophecy. This makes MacBeth wonder about the next prophecy, and he ends up acting on his free will to make it come true.