The For My Italian American Family - 1615 Words

A consistent theme portrayed throughout Humanities thus far has been the impact of certain individuals or events that have influenced the history of society to where it currently stands today. For my Italian-American family, these themes have proved to be true throughout their stories of immigrating to the United States. For both my father and mother’s sides of the family the search for freedom, opportunity and overall betterment in lifestyle caused my relatives to move to the United States during the World War ll era. As we have seen throughout the texts studied thus far this semester, the history of modern society has been shaped by a variety of factors. For the purposes of this class, the assigned catastrophe teams served as four broad†¦show more content†¦Through stories, I have been told that once Grandpa Nunzio emigrated from Italy to the United States his hardest challenge was to cope with the new language and the variety of cultures. An important realization n oted in the texts states, â€Å"The emigrants who came at different periods to occupy the territory now covered by the American Union differed from each other in many respects; their aim was not the same, and they governed themselves on different principles (p.40 Tocqueville).† While I do realize this refers to a different time period I believe that the meaning of this quote holds true in the same respect. The people who immigrated to America were all in search for opportunity and freedoms but for their own unique reasons. Many came from different cultures and backgrounds, which proved to be a challenge for most. Grandpa Nunzio settled in Jamaica, Queens NY during World War ll and made enough money to support his family the best he could and eventually afford to be able to bring my mother’s dad Rico and the rest of the family to the United States. It is in Jamaica, Queens where the two sides of my family met and developed a friendship that has lived on to this day. As per my father’s side of the family, the way in which his side immigrated to the United States differed slightly. My father’s grandpa, Grandpa Salvatore, served and diedShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : Being An Italian American781 Words   |  4 Pagesme, being an Italian American means that I have come from a long line of hardworking immigrants who came to the United States to make a better life for their children while still maintaining their Italian cultural pride and heritage. From the time that I was a small child, I was taught to be proud of my Italian heritage. From the young age of four or five, I can remember sitting in the kitchen while my grandmother and great-grandmother would be cooking and they would tell me how my great-great grandparentsRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States Of America Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesOn April 18, 1930, a young family of eighteen boarded a ship leaving their homeland of Chiette Abruzzi, Italy. Head ed for a nation they had only heard about in the newspapers, each member of the family bore their own excitement and reservation. The history of immigration to the United States of America was seen at unprecedented numbers during the late eighteen hundreds and early twentieth century. Families from Italy, Ireland, Germany, Poland, and numerous other nations flocked to the west by theRead MoreCulture Clash Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesItalian culture has a rich history that includes art, classic architecture, music, popular traditions and customs. 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Some of these concepts I personally related to when I moved out of my household into the dorms, while others, made me feel their pain andRead MoreItalian Music1489 Words   |  6 Pagesmore than four and half million Italian immigrants arriving to American between the years of 1876-1924, traditions, food, literature and an immense amount of Italian culture was slowly spread nationwide. With that, Italian music was also brought across seas. Music in New York City began developing rapidly during the nineteenth century as the number of immigrants and residents steadily increased. Italian music has become popular genre with many subdivisions. Italian music has also become an influentialRead MoreMany scholars have written about the particularly intimate connection between food and family1400 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween food and family prevalent in Italian-American culture. Herbert Gans interprets this to be a legacy of the traditional Southern Italian peasant culture that the immigrant generation successfully passed down to the younger generations in America. Thus, the connection is implied to be a â€Å"transplanted† cultural trait. However, when viewed in light of the social changes in America, this bond was inevitably affected by the Italians’ experiences in America. Italian-American food culture wasRead MoreThe Word Culture Impacts Each And Every Individual Differently Essay950 Words   |  4 PagesFor me, my culture is associated with pride and joy; for others, cultural heritage can remind a person of pain and suffering. All cultural experiences vary depending on where people grew up and the amount of value placed on cultural traditions within families. Most people can easily describe their culture; many simply state, â€Å"I’m Italian and Irish.† However, being a third generation American, I’ve truly become a melting pot. I am 1/16th Scottish, 1/16th British, 1/4th Polish, 1/4th Italian and 3/8th’sRead MoreItalian Immigration And The United States1551 Words   |  7 PagesRoaldi U.S. History 19 September 2014 Italian Immigration Many Italians made the United States their home, but getting to the Land of the Free was not easy for them. Many things made the Italians move from their country, and many things brought them to the United States. They faced many hardships while in the country. They all managed to find work in different areas, and in different time periods. They also left important legacies. The things that drove Italians out of Italy and to the United StatesRead MoreDifferences Between Italian And Italian Culture1660 Words   |  7 Pagesendless events where my values clashed with someone else’s. Immigrating to this country and going to school with different nationalities helped me obviously to understand the distinctions we have culturally. It’s was difficult to adjusting and also learning about all these different cultures and I came into conclusion that each culture has their own beauty. I don’t believe that neither is a right or wrong in custom or values. I had opportunity to interview someone from my family that is Peruvian andRead MoreDiana Di Prima Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesAlameldin Professor Wheat English 106 03-21-2011 A Cultural Criticism on Diane DiPrima’s â€Å"The Practice of Magical Evocation† As a young girl growing up in an Italian American family, DiPrima began to witness expectations that she did not like about her culture. At eight years old she experienced her first expectation as a female in her family but this was not an expectation she felt positively on. In an interview given by David Hadbawnik, DiPrima says that one day her mother was very sick and couldn’t

Is Relational Frame Theory - 1730 Words

In our world there are so many theories on how we should live our lives, battle disorders of all kinds, and how to fix or solve those disorders. The specific theory that we will be taking a look on is Acceptance and Commitment Therapy or more commonly known in the psychology world as ACT. Like most other theories that take from other theories in its format, this one is no different. Steven C. Hayes is considered and recognized by the psychological community to be the founder of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Steven Hayes is known for an analysis of human language and cognition. Otherwise known as Relational Frame Theory, and its application to various psychological difficulties including the development of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Relational Frame Theory shows up in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy by exploring the paradoxes of context, such as separating words and actions, and distinguishing clients’ sense of self from their thoughts and behavior. Although Rela tional Frame Theory has a place in the development, most of the theory stems off of behavioral therapy. With that being said, behavioral therapy is divided into three generations: traditional Behaviorism, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy or also known as CBT, and the current â€Å"third generation† or contextual approaches to behavior. This â€Å"third generation† of behaviorism has a premise that suffering is a basic characteristic of human life and represents a dramatic change that cannot be avoided which is takenShow MoreRelatedMarketing Systems And Community Engagement Theories Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pageswill provide an insight into marketing system and community engagement with the help of different theories. Further the case of Milo cricket program for kids will be discussed along with the application of event sequencing map method to explain those marketing system and community engagement theories. Few videos of milo cricket programs have been selected to provi de a link of those events to the theories used. LITERATURE REVIEW Read MoreThe Face-Negotiation Theory and Stella Ting-Toomey Essay1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are many theories which describe different ways people communicate. According to Doctor Thomas Hanitzsch, an associate professor of communication at the University of Munich in Germany, â€Å"Communication Theory is an international forum publishing high quality, original research into the theoretical development of communication from across a wide array of disciplines† (â€Å"Communication Theory†). A specific communication theory that will be highlighted is the Face-Negotiation theory developed by StellaRead MoreWhat Is Inside The Skin, And How Do We Know About It?1429 Words   |  6 Pagesattempted to better understand the learning and acquisition of private events, and how this has come about. If environmental stimuli creates relational frames then private events should logically also; private responses do directly obtain stimulus properties (Hayes Brownstein, 198 6), and thus stimulus control. Relational frames are based on the Relational Frames Theory (Hayes et al, 1991) stating that human language is learnt through relating events, both overt and private. For example, Hayes and WilsonRead MoreSocial Penetration Theory : Crazy, Love1117 Words   |  5 PagesMaggie Decena Professor McNelis September 22nd, 2017 Application of Social Penetration Theory The film Crazy, Stupid, Love depicts the dissolution of Cal Weaver’s once perfect life. High school sweethearts living in a suburban town with steady jobs and kids, Cal and his wife Emily share the illusion of a picture-perfect love story. However, when Emily reveals her act of adultery, she asks Cal for a divorce. Cal falls into a deep depression that leads him to bask in his sorrows at singles barsRead MoreSocial Implications Of Psychoanalytic Theory Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesThe article â€Å"Some Social Implications of Psychoanalytic Theory: A Social Work Perspective,† Brian Rasmussen and Daniel Salhani, discuss social implications of psychoanalytic theory and suggest the importance of these theoretical ideas to social work practice. Furthermore, the subsequent questions and concerns which arise from the implications of the numerous avenues of the psychodynamic theory. They maintained constant themes throughout this process, such as, understanding the importa nce of humanRead MoreHumanistic And Experiential And Emotionally Focused Theories793 Words   |  4 PagesHumanistic/Experiential and Emotionally-Focused Theories Valencia W. Wright Marriage, Couple, and Family Therapy HUMN – 6356 – 3 Dr. Emmett Roberts Walden University March 20, 2016 Humanistic Theory is the main focus on self, which transcends into â€Å"you† and â€Å"your†, then it will be about your experiences. It was mentioned that a person is free to choose their own behavior than just reacting to environmental stimulants and reinforcements (www.answers.com). Then with Humanistic Theory it is mostly focused on toRead MoreHistorical Background Of Sigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychoanalysis774 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical Background Sigmund Freud dedicated the majority of his time on this earth to mainly covering his theory of psychoanalysis. He did not however have a lot of patience from contemporaries who diverged from his psychoanalytic principles. He attempted to keep control over the movement by expelling those who dared to disagree. Carl Jung and Alfred Alder, for example, worked closely with Freud, but each founded his own therapeutic school after repeated disagreements with Freud on theoreticalRead MorePersonality Analysis Paper1521 Words   |  7 Pagesideas and theories from wide variety of scholars. Personality is also something people can share and relate to with one another. According to Allport, â€Å"Personality is about what is unique to the individual, but it is also about what is shared across people† (Allport, 1962). Although there are several approaches to the personality analysis, this paper will specifically focus on the psychodynamic, humanistic and existential approaches. This pa per will compare and contrast these theories, explore theRead MoreUnderstanding A Relational Understanding Of Relational Relation With God And Community1325 Words   |  6 Pagesabove, God has yet to be. 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While Levine and Troiden’s theory is difficult to prove through empirical study, their opinions will be examined. A second theory maintains that

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle for Biosensing Application. Answer: Introduction Nanotechnology refers to research and development of technology conducted at the nanoscale level to create materials, structures, and systems with improved functionalities and properties(Devi Dhanalakshmi, 2012). The new properties of these materials have improved their properties such as reactivity, electrical conductivity, and much more. This paper provides as review of the applications of nanotechnology in various fields and in particular Mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles have found application in various setting and this paper reviews the materials application in the detection of glucose, bio mimicking, and diagnosis and imaging. The application in the detection of microorganisms and detection of cancer are also discussed herein. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Detecting Microorganisms Rapid selective detection of bacteria and the subsequent degradation of the pathogenic bacteria have biomedical, defense, and environmental significance. Biosensors that have been improved using nanotechnology have improved ultra-sensitiveness, cost-effective, and offer faster detection over conventional detectors(Izquierdo-Barba, Manzano, Colilla, Vallet-Reg, 2008). Micro and mesoporous silica are porous and have optical transparency(Trewyn, Giri, Slowing, Lin, 2007). These properties allow encapsulation of large amounts of sensing molecules in each particle and optical detection in layers of material(Trewyn, Giri, Slowing, Lin, 2007). These properties represent added functionalities that the material have and enables their application in biosensors. Escherichia coli (E. coli) are Gram-negative bacteria that have been studied widely(Matheli-Guinlet, et al., 2016). Among these studies, it has been determined several nanomaterials composed of metal oxides, silver, and others are bactericidal towards E. coli. These nanomaterials can disrupt the integrity of the membrane and prevent the production of reactive oxygen species. The biosensor containing the mesoporous silica nanoparticles in form of SiO2-NPs can then be used to detect the bacteria. With modifications will allow the E. coli detection to be estimated using cyclic voltammetry and measurements of QCM-D using oxydo-reduction reactions and frequency shifts of mass deposition and dissipation respectively(Hasanzadeh, NasrinShadjou, Guardiac, Eskandani, Sheikhzadeh, 2012). The nanomaterial in this case allows the investigation into the effects of antibacterial agents on cell behavior and the integrity and elasticity of the cell membrane. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Drug delivery systems have embraced nanotechnology due to the high surface areas and pore volumes in the silica materials(Hurley, 2011). The mesopore adsorbs the new molecules to its surface without the help of any functional group to control the release of the adsorbed substance(Kwon, Singh, Perez, Neel, Kim, Chrzanowski, 2013). One study determined that a mesoporous structure with pores shaped liked channels and packed hexagonally could load more drug molecules and release them over a considerable duration of time(Trewyn, Giri, Slowing, Lin, 2007). Oxides of gold and iron have been used extensively in anti-cancer therapy in combination with other biomolecules. The nanoparticles of the two metals demonstrate great properties such as controlled drug release, reduction of dose used in conventional methods, and systemic absorption of cytotoxic drugs by guiding them to the target tumor cells(Kwon, Singh, Perez, Neel, Kim, Chrzanowski, 2013). However, these nanoparticles have poor solubility and high cost. The nanoparticles can also lead to blockage of the bloodstream with continued use. Thus, mesoporous silica nanoparticles have emerged as favorites in drug delivery because the unique mesopore structure that preserves a level of chemical stability, biocompatibility, and surface functionality as it carries out controlled release of the drug substance(Kwon, Singh, Perez, Neel, Kim, Chrzanowski, 2013). Application in Diagnosis and Imaging Nanotechnology has also been used in the diagnosis, imaging, and detection of diseases. For example, in breast cancer, a transmembrane glycoprotein called Mucin-1 (MUC1) is a suitable target for nanoparticulate imaging because it is aberrantly expressed on about 90% of the cancer(Drau, Alvarez-Berrios, M., Mukherjee, Vivero-Escoto, 2016). In one study a dye-doped NIR emitting mesoporous silica nanoparticles platform was conjugated to a tumor-specific antibody of MUC1 to conduct in vivo detection of breast adenocarcinoma(Drau, Alvarez-Berrios, M., Mukherjee, Vivero-Escoto, 2016). In vitro studies were also conducted and these determined that MSN-based optical nanoparticle probes used in imaging were not toxic and perfectly targeted the mammary cancer cells that are over-expressed in the human tMUC1 protein(Drau, Alvarez-Berrios, M., Mukherjee, Vivero-Escoto, 2016). List of References Devi, R. P., Dhanalakshmi, K. (2012). Applications of mesoporous silica nanomaterial: An overview. International Journal of Advanced Life Sciences, 4:1-9. Drau, D. M., Alvarez-Berrios, M., M., T., Mukherjee, P., Vivero-Escoto, J. (2016). Mucin-1-Antibody-Conjugated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Selective Breast Cancer Detection in a Mucin-1 Transgenic Murine Mouse Model. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 12(12), 2172-2184. Hasanzadeh, M., NasrinShadjou, Guardiac, M. l., Eskandani, M., Sheikhzadeh, P. (2012). Mesoporous silica-based materials for use in biosensors. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 33, 117-129. Hurley, M. (2011). Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as drug delivery systems and diagnostic tools. University of Maryland Libraries . Izquierdo-Barba, I., Manzano, M., Colilla, M., Vallet-Reg, M. (2008). Silica-Based ordered mesoporous materials for biomedical applications. Key Engineering Materials, 377: 133-150. Kwon, S., Singh, R. K., Perez, R. A., Neel, E. A., Kim, H.-W., Chrzanowski, W. (2013). Silica-based mesoporous nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery. Journal of Tissue Engineering, 4, 2041731413503357 doi: 10.1177/2041731413503357. Matheli-Guinlet, M., Gammoudi, I., Beven, L., Morot, F., Delville, M.-H., Grauby-Heywang, C., et al. (2016). Silica Nanoparticles Assisted Electrochemical Biosensor For The Detection And Degradation Of Escherichia Coli Bacteria. Procedia Engineering, 168, 1048-1051. Sweeney, S. K., Luo, Y., ODonnell, M. A., Assouline, J. (2016). Nanotechnology and cancer: improving real-time monitoring and staging of bladder cancer with multimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Cancer Nanotechnology, 7:3 10.1186/s12645-016-0015-8. Trewyn, B. G., Giri, S., Slowing, I. I., Lin, V. S.-Y. (2007). Mesoporous silica nanoparticle based controlled release, drug delivery, and biosensor systems. Chemical Communications, 31, 3236-3245.

As the number zero was the start of mathematics and the vacuum the foundation of physics. Essay Example

As the number zero was the start of mathematics and the vacuum the foundation of physics. Essay Example As the number zero was the start of mathematics and the vacuum the foundation of physics. Essay As the number zero was the start of mathematics and the vacuum the foundation of physics. Essay Essay Topic: A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings Hilarious Light in August As the number zero was the start of mathematics and the vacuum the foundation of physics, so silence became the standard measure of civilization. Yet, all three of these scientific standards spring from human imagination and are only applicable by general agreement, but remain in principle fictional.Few compositions have caused such a division of opinion as John Cages 4.33 from 1952, one of his own favourites. A well-dressed pianist entered the stage, sat down behind the grand piano, opened it, turned a page of the score in front of him every now and then and after about four and a half minutes he got up, made a bow and left the stage. Cage got the idea for this composition after a visit to a soundproof room and only wanted to show there is no such thing as absolute silence. This manifests itself on a recording of the piece that still exists. In it, a world of small tiny sounds opens up. Chairs squeak, uncomfortable coughing, the humming of the air-conditioning, some far-away sounds of traffic, the rustling of the pages of a program. Above all one can hear, just like the original audience back in 1952, the rushing of ones own blood in ones ears, ones heartbeat, swallowing and rumbling stomach. Through this, the audience becomes the performing artist of 4.33, and because one goes to a concert to listen, the uproarious silence had never been heard as well as just there. Does silence exist at all, one wonders, or is it like a hole in the ground, only observed because of the earth that surrounds it? After all silence is an arbitrary name for the absence of sound.Each piece of writing can be considered a composition as well; a composition in words and these are in essence silent. This void is filled as soon as the reader starts interacting with the authors words and his imagination attributes numerous voices and sounds to the essential silent text. This is the intention of reading and only natural since Mother Nature hates emptiness horror vacui and fills it promp tly. In music, as shown with the help of John Cage, one may well justify the use of markedly contradictory words, like the oxymoronic title of this paper. Some say that Faulkner likes to force readers to absorb many contradictory feelings all at once. His use of oxymorons helps to create a feeling of unresolved conflict.The author, like a filmmaker, has another trick up his sleeve. They are both able to turn off the sound at will. It is not very hard to picture this (talking about sound) and the effect it has can make a spectacular difference. The watching of a horror movie without sound often results in an audience responding at first uneasily and in the end with laughter, missing the culminating effect of music with image in heightening the tension. Now the author only manages to create a silent mode by either omitting all references directly relating to sound and by emphasizing the visual effect, or by the absence of dialogue when there seems to be every need for coherent speech but speech fails as a means of communication. As Addie Bundren observed in As I Lay Dying, (172) a word is just a shape to fill a lack. Faulkner, wittingly or intuitively, quite often uses a lack to create a new shape, one which is silently able to reverse the expected situation and give it a totally different charge.The old clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ that sometimes silence speaks louder than words still holds true. Silence has gradually become the social distinction between civilization and barbarism since the introduction of book printing. Knowledge and wisdom were gathered from books instead of by orating. One should not ever disturb a reader. The signs in the library demand silence. As in a silent movie, Faulkner manages to weave into his work scenes that seem to be stripped of sound, where nature and human life go into a silent mode, and the only option left is to watch it unfold before your eyes. In these scenes particularly, he succeeds in mixing the tragic and comic tones in such a w ay that contemplation of the view is the result. Whether one should classify Faulkners work as being more tragi-comedy than comi-tragedy is a difficult and debatable matter. The consensus seems to lean towards it being predominantly tragic with varying degrees of comic relief. The outcome of that discussion, however, is less interesting to me than to try to demonstrate the powerful effect that mixing these two tones has. I will pay special attention Faulkners descriptions of motion and sound, in which we seem to be presented with a slide show of consecutive still images, more specifically in scenes from Pantaloon in Black, a story in Go Down, Moses, and from Light In August.Pantaloon in BlackFrom Go Down, MosesWhere romantic comedy says: these aggressions can be transcended, and realistic comedy says: these aggressions will be punished, tragic-comedy says these aggressions can neither be transcended nor brought to heel, they are human nature and they are life (342). Eric Bentley poi nts out, in these few words, the power, the purpose, and the effect of mixing tones in literature. Comedy alone, he argues, creates an unreal world. Tragedy, he continues, excludes most of mens experiences because of its emphasis on Beauty, Heroism, Nobility and Higher Truth(338). Any author writing about the complexities of modern man should consider this, as William Faulkner does in Pantaloon in Black. In this story, the reader is presented with the immense tragedy of Rider, the protagonist, and because of this, most readers miss the storys comic moments.A plot summary most likely will only emphasize the tragic elements. Rider mourns the death of his wife Mannie. He buries her, single-handedly, in an almost violent way. After all, she has caused him to change, to become a better man. After refusing to go home with his aunt and uncle, his surrogate parents, he returns home only to see her ghost and then to the sawmill where he works like a mad man, throwing an enormous log in a dar ing display of physical skill one showing his desire to die for without her he doesnt want to live anymore. After that he desperately tries to drink himself to death with moonshine he fought over and got from a bootlegger. A rush to a dice game follows, after another confrontation with his aunt, where he tangles with Birdsong, a crooked white man, whom he kills with a razor. Captured by the law, Riders story, as seen through his eyes, ends. The deputy sheriff, a myopic prejudiced man, tells the rest of Riders story to his extremely bored wife. Though he did not attempt to escape, Rider tears his cell apart, only to be beaten by members of a black chain gang all for naught for the next day, the deputy tells us, persons unknown take him from the jail and lynch him.However, it hardly captures the essence of the story, for the comic undertones make all the difference. The first hint the reader gets is in the title. Pantaloon (or pantalone) is a stock character in the Italian commedi a del arte1 and here juxtaposes with black, the color of death, tragedy and the deprived race in Go Down, Moses. It is Faulkners first notice of absurdity. Rider represents this absurdity, and faced with it in the end, all he can do is laugh. Life has cheated him of the woman who made all the difference; such a situation seems a cruel joke. In the opening scene he flings dirt on to her coffin, using an implement which resembled the toy shovel a child plays with at the shore, its half cubic foot of flung dirt no more than the light gout of sand the childs shovel would have flung (131). If one thinks of the wasted energy of the mad swings with the little dirt, one cannot help but laugh at this silent scene.When one sees that the grave lies in a barren garbage heap, full of shards of pottery and broken bottles and other objects insignificant to sight (132), one cannot fail to appreciate the irony; a woman, who meant so much to her husband, tragically buried in a trash heap. When Rider arrives at the sawmill, he needs food. One cannot write home about his table manners but humorous mime again underlies the tragedy. When he eats, he is cramming the food into his mouth with his hands, wolfing it pease again, also gelid and cold, a fragment of yesterdays Sunday fried chicken, a few rough chunks of this mornings fried sidemeat, a biscuit the size of a childs cap indiscriminate, tasteless (139). This gentle grief-stricken giant eats what looks like garbage, like an animal. After his display of brutal strength his aunts husband was waiting for him with a peach pie which he immediately starts, holding the pie with both hands, wolfing at He was blinking rapidly as he chewed, the whites of his eyes covered a little more by the creeping red. (140)Again, to the casual observer he, comically, eats like a hungry wolf. Nevertheless, the picture Faulkner paints tragically shows a man whose eyes betray, through the blinking and the red that is creeping in, his sincere sorrow an d depth of feeling. The apparent absurdity of the dice game, in spite of its violent outcome, is highlighted by the fact that throughout this entire scene Rider is smiling like a fool (147-149). The black men participating in the game are losing their money like fools. Though the story does not describe their actions, and they never talk, we are aware of their actions. They are present through the soiled and palm-worn money (148) in front of Birdsong, the cheating white man with the comic name, who is eventually unmasked and killed by a fool. Rider, the traditional character of pantaloon who has ranted and raved throughout the story, true to his role, has adapted to the absurdity of life itself. Life is a crooked crapshoot; the odds are mostly against you.The deputy cannot grasp the contradictory attitude of someone who willingly confesses to murder but does not want to be locked up. Ah done it. Jest dont lock me up, Rider is reported to have said (152). Because of his enormous stre ngth he tears his cell apart and rips the door out of the wall. Like in a cartoon he is then subdued by a road gang of black convicts: a big mass of nigger heads and arms and legs boiling around on the floor and even then Ketcham says every now and then a nigger would come flying out and through the air across the room, spraddled out like a flying Squirrel and with his eyes sticking out like car headlights (154). This fight is one of those silent scenes, the absence of sound emphasizing the ridiculousness of the visual image. When Rider realizes the silliness of mans struggle to survive, he can do nothing else but laugh and cry, the perfect blend of comi-tragedy. Readers feel deeply about him, through his silent laughter and tears, because we see him as an absurd hero, especially compared to the insensitive racist deputy. The end of the story is all the more powerful by its mixture of comic and tragic tones.Light In AugustIn this thematically multi-layered novel by Faulkner, the st ory of Lena Groves is structurally juxtaposed with the stories of Joe Christmas and Gail Hightower. The book starts and ends with Lena Grove, a young pregnant woman looking for the father of her unborn child who he walked out on her. In the end, we learn that she was not so much looking for him as traveling just to travel, living in the present, in touch with nature and confident it would eventually bring her to her purpose and destination. Joes tragic story starts in the third chapter and ends in the third-to-last. Hightowers story begins in the third and ends in the next-to-last. These three stories do not proceed chronologically but are felt, by most readers, to fuse into one unified novel. Some readers have argued that the novels unity comes from other elements than the structure; thematically the main characters embody such themes as racism, the heritage of the past, Christianity, community, male-female relations and personal identity.With the addition of Joanna Burden and Byro n Bunch, the five central characters encompass subsidiary themes as the contrasting attitudes of the different characters to time, the issue of man and nature (as in Go Down, Moses) and fate and martyrdom. Others say that the coincidence of them all being in the same town between the two climactic events of Joanna Burdens murder and Joe Christmass death provides enough unity, though their tales are separate and distinct. Still others argue that Faulkners stream of life presentation would have suffered under a less loose and open construction. By contrast, to Lena, Joe Christmas does not know who he is; his uncertain racial identity affects every aspect of his life. When the uncertain trace of black ancestry, for he is also called the mulatto (Cowley, 51), is known, it provokes very different responses. Yet, his claim that he belongs to the black race is ambivalent since he uses it to rebel against both black and white. He roams the country, like Lena, but without purpose, never sett ling or entering a long-lasting human relationship.His fate seems to inevitably push his lifes story to an inescapable and violent death. The reverend Gail Hightower, the preacher who is punished for not conforming to his congregations idea of practicing religion and because he was unable to keep his wife from behaving sinfully, seems rooted in the past, obsessed with the heroic past of his forebears. His story ends when he realizes that his detachment from life does not prevent him from being concerned with the events of the present. Like him, Joanna Burden compares badly to both her grandfather and father and is a victim of her stern religious upbringing, which Joe suffers from as well. Her abolitionist family moved down from the North and was never fully accepted. She leads a lonely life in an isolated mansion out of town. Joanna becomes involved with Joe, in a destructive and unequal relationship that fatefully foreshadows her demise, and is eventually murdered by him. Byron Bun ch, another solitary character, falls in love with Lena the moment he sees her, pregnant and all. After realizing that there is no alternative, for he worships her, he blindly follows her, wherever it may take him. This insultingly short rendering of such a comprehensive novel merely attempts to illustrate the predominantly tragic tone of the book.Nevertheless, as in Pantaloon in Black, there are numerous instances of mixing tones and what is more the silent mode is elaborated upon by another of Faulkners techniques. Like Keats in his Ode on a Grecian Urn Faulkner compares the wagons Lena has ridden in to figures carved on an urn: backrolling now behind her a long monotonous succession of peaceful and undeviating changes from day to dark and dark to day again, through which she advanced in identical and anonymous and deliberate wagons as though through a succession of crackwheeled and limpeared avatars, like something moving forever and without progress across an urn.(7)A paragraph later, she actually sits waiting by the side of the road for the next one, but this carts progress seems to stop, for it seems to hang suspended in the middle distance forever and forever (8). Yet, Lena thinks of herself as already moving, riding again Faulkner uses frozen motion, the absence of sound combined with the still picture, frequently. It also features in his descriptions of often chaotic and violent events. Readers and scholars argue about the interpretation: some say that, again like Keats, the nature of art is to freeze the captured motion in order to give us the chance to contemplate the scene from different points of view. However, one could also argue fatalistically that the characters destinies are as certain and their goals as unattainable as the urns ancient carvings. I will describe and analyse a scene with each of the five main characters in which frozen motion is used, showing that it does contribute to the greatness of this novel.Apart from showing the absurdi ty of mans existence, the effect of the tragic deaths of Joe and Joanna, and Hightowers new insight means next to nothing to the characters who inhabit the last chapter of Light In August. Contrary to the wife of the deputy in Pantaloon in black, who was not listening and not even interested, the wife of the furniture dealer is listening and intrigued. Her husband tells her of his meeting with Lena and Byron and their seemingly absurd interaction, for he only slowly starts to realize they are not man and wife, which we already know. When he comes to the part, which in every mans eyes must be the ultimate rejection, where Byron tries to lay with Lena in the back of the truck, there is a brief instant of frozen motion which is hilarious when we see and feel through his eyes that lay with can be seen as force upon.Byron is seen through the eyes of the dealer: I watched him climb slow and easy in the truck and disappear and then didnt anything happen for about while you could count mayb e fifteen slow Than motion slows down and comes to a ridiculous and also to him unexpected stop at that moment he comes out the back door of the truck. Not fast, and not climbing down on his own legs at all. For a moment, Byron is suspended there in mid-air, picked up and set outside by the strong Lena. The furniture dealer was half expecting rape, but this silent nonsensical picture evokes the sought after comic relief he needed and provokes a smile from the reader. Byron is then placed on the ground and spoken to with calm assurance: get some sleep. We got another fur piece to go tomorrow'(503 my italics). The dealer is not sure but Lena is, Byron will be there again, wild horses cannot drag him away.When Hightower, in a futile attempt to save Joe Christmas, tries to provide him with an alibi for the murder of Joanna Burden, there is another violent moment of some consecutive stills. Just before that, the raised and armed and manacled hands (463) of Joe had struck him down, caus ing the old man some facial injuries. The pursuers of Joe help him on his feet with his big pale face streaked with blood(464) to learn from him where Joe is hiding. When Hightower delivers his testimony as to Joes innocence, instead of giving the required response, he is literally flung aside. On the one hand, this demonstrates the ruthlessness of the white militia pursuers in finding and killing the now pronounced black Joe and reveals an extra layer of racial tension. On the other hand, it accentuates the insignificance of Hightowers attempt to return to the present, a huge step in the life of a man who has lived in the past for more than 20 years, by being flung aside by the same hands that picked him up. The whole tragic scene shifts to ridicule.Joe provokes people of both races into non-acceptance. He is violent by nature and deeply frustrated. It shouldnt come as a surprise that instances of frozen motion occur a lot around him. After his adoption by the probably Scottish Pre sbyterian McEacherns, the little Joe is about to receive his third consecutive beating with a strap, ten strokes after each hour, for he has failed to learn the catechism:Again on the dot of the hour McEachern looked up from the watch. Have you learned it? he said. The boy did not answer, did not move. When McEachern approached, he saw that the boy was not looking at the page at all, that his eyes were quite fixed and blank. When he put his hand on the book he found that the boy was clinging to it as if it were a rope or a post. When McEachern took the book forcibly from his hands, the boy fell at full length to the floor and did not move again. (151)One is aware that the tension between the two is enormous, the beating is administered without anger (which I find most scary), but both cling to the book, the older man for the content he tries to force onto the boy, the boy rejecting that but using its tangible presence for physical support. The moment that support is taken away from him, one can visualize series of stills in which the body does not yet realize the lack of support that kept it in balance for as long as it did, after which it collapses and the boy falls.There are also moments when Joe is the instigator of violence, for instance against Brown, the man who impregnated Lena, in the beginning of chapter five. These men are condemned to each other in an unequal relationship in which secrecy, dominance and the illegitimate selling of moonshine prevail. Joe is the more dominant of the two. Brown began to sing Shut it, Christmas said. He did not move and his voice was not raised. Yet Brown ceased at once (102). The silent threat is imminent and almost tangible. When Brown after an interval stumbles and falls and begins to laugh because he is drunk, Joe irritatedly hauled him out from beneath the cot and raised Browns head and began to strike him with his flat hand, short, vicious, and hard, until Brown ceased laughing.Christmas then proceeds, when Brown again starts laughing, to curse him in a level voice, all very controlled, and when that does not give the desired effect, Joe put his hand flat upon Browns mouth and nose, shutting his jaw with his left hand while with the right he struck Brown again with those hard, slow, measured blows, as if he were meting them out by count. Brown had stopped laughing (103). This resembles the way in which McEachern administered his beatings to Joe, without heat, pragmatically ensuring the desired effect, showing his upbringing. The sound of slapping must be there but seems to come slow, if at all, and seems to hang suspended over the whole scene. The drunken laughter, the calm silent threats and the ridiculous power one man has over the other makes this scene a whirlwind of conflicting emotions in which bewilderment struggles with the tragicality of the situation which is undermined by the comic.Howe2 says that from a dramatic point of view it is only appropriate that characters break out of th eir obscurity, collide, cause pain and then part. Faulkner once said that the writers he admired most were those who had tried to accomplish so much that they inevitably had to fail. It has been said that his great admiration for grand but doomed efforts shows in his novels too. Maybe Byron Bunchs assault on Brown is one of these doomed yet courageous actions as well as an appropriate dramatic breaking out for one of the two characters involved. It lasted less than two minutes. The small Bunch has the advantage of surprise and of a silent approach over the sitting but much taller Brown.In this soundless scene he wants to punish him for throwing away twice inside nine months what I aint had in thirtyfive years (which is Lena). It does not last long. Faulkner warns us twice and he foreshadows Byrons defeat: Youre bigger than me, Byron thought. Brown reverses the advantage because he cannot believe that any man, catching his enemy sitting, would give him a chance to get on his feet tha t was worse than an insult: it was ridicule (439). No sound in the few instances the man intending to do the beating gets beat and was lying quietly bleeding quietly about the face. (my italics) The complete earnest of Byrons seemingly futile attempt, although it releases him from the past and firmly puts him in the present, is tragic but the person picking a fight and losing it accordingly mostly deserves a wry compassionate smile.AfterthoughtsI think it was Bouwe Postmus3 who once said that one should never write about a work or an author one admires. I now see his point but it can not be avoided when one is just introduced to such a writer in the course of a term. Even by confining myself to what I thought to be a limited subject as comic-relief by means of the audio-visual modes of silence and still, the amount of perspectives is incredible. The shifting point of view and the distance and detachment with which the human enterprise is seen provides a response that transcends the individuals tragic encounter with the reality about him.I think I have shown that the mix of comical and tragical tones gives Faulkners work an extra dimension by which lifes duality is truly represented. Faulkners use of style figures, like an oxymoron, helps to deepen the contradictory human aspects that are present in his characters. One cannot be forced to see the portrayed events in this paper in the same way that I do. It does not prevent them from being seen for what they are: images that give a defeaning sound in the surrounding silence.

Profile of Filmmaker Errol Morris essays

Profile of Filmmaker Errol Morris essays Dallas police officer, Robert Wood, was shot five times and murdered after pulling over a vehicle for a minor traffic violation. Randall Dale Adams was arrested, convicted and sentenced to death for the crime. Adams plead "not guilty" to the charges. He claimed 16 year old David Harris, whom he had spent several hours with on the day of the crime, was the true killer. In Mark Singer's "Profile of Filmmaker Errol Morris," Singer describes Randall Adams case as it was portrayed in the movie The Thin Blue Line. Singer argues that Morris made the film to prove Adams innocence and illustrate "that Adams had received anything but a fair trial." Singer, an author for The New Yorker Magazine, took personal interest in the case because he, as well as Morris, believed Adams was innocent and deserved a new and fair trial. The prosecution won the case against Adams for three major reasons: David Harris' testimony, Prosecutor Douglas Mulder's prominence, determination, and the prosecutions three key eyewitnesses, Emily Miller, Robert Miller, and Michael Randell. After the conclusion of the trial Adams maintained his innocence and filmmaker, Errol Morris met with David Harris and began to have doubts about Adams guilt. Morris investigated the case further and discovered it was "unfair" on constitutional grounds and Adams was in fact innocent. Morris made a movie entitled The Thin Blue Line, which was a description of the actual events in the Adams homicide case. Morris intended to illustrate thirteen points of unwarranted prosecution. There were four blatant acts of perjury or outright unfairness in Adams first trial. Judge Metcalf would not permit the use David Harris' extensive previous criminal record, including pending charges in another county as evidence. This left Adams in the "guilty chair" even before the trial began. Prosecutor Mulder demanded a guilty verdict with a death penalty s ...

History 3a Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History 3a - Essay Example Lastly, another difference between the two revolutions was that American Revolution was against United Kingdom while French revolution focused its attention on French government that was led by King Louis XVI and other different coalitions (Office of Historian, 2012). One of the major similarities of the revolutions is that both revolutions aimed at overthrowing the legitimate monarchs that were governing the countries. In addition, both revolutions were bloody and a lot of people lost their lives during the revolution. Also both revolutions were agitated by people’s suffering that emanated by poor governance from the previous regimes. Therefore, both revolutions were political and social. Both revolutions gained support from each other. France supported Americans through sending troops and intellectuals such as Marquis De Lafayette while Americans sent Thomas Pain to assist in French revolution (Office of Historian, 2012). One of the aspects that gave strength to the slave was the African culture and their identity. As a result, masters ensured that they brainwashed the culture of the slaves through giving them new names and banning any form of cultural activities. Some of the cultural activities that slaves used to come together included African music and Saturday night dances which happened in the woods. In addition, the masters prevented the slaves from gathering an aspect that reduced their bond and strength to resist. Some of the ways that slaves used to resist included breaking of their masters equipments, stealing the masters provisions and use of lies in order to evade hard work. Masters set up stiff penalties to ensure that they curb these methods of resisting (Office of Historian, 2012). Another method that the masters used to prevent slaves from resisting is giving them a lot of workload. This ensured that slaves were always busy an aspect that reduced their free time which could

The History of Program Music and its Composers Essay

The History of Program Music and its Composers - Essay Example 3). To further stress this point, the great Frederick Niecks, however, remarked that programme music has always been regarded controversially as its definition is vague and narrow (1). In this context, Niecks wrote (referring to musicians) in the preface of his book entitled Programme Music in the Last Four Centuries: A Contribution to the History of Musical Expression, that "they should embrace all possible kinds, degrees, and characters: the outward and the inward, the simple and the complex, the general and the particular, the lyrical, epic, dramatic, melodramatic, descriptive, symbolical, etc. They should embrace also music with the programme merely indicated by a title, and music the programme of which is unrevealed. The absence of programme and title does not prove the music to be absolute (iii)." Despite having been the one to come up with the phrase "programme music", Frnza Liszt was not its inventor. Programme music has been in existence and practice ever since the 16th century, or probably even before then (Hoffman para. 3). To be able to trace its history, Frederick Niecks outlined six periods while citing the significant composers or musicians during its time. The first period was during the 16th century, a time when allusions were usually made to descriptive vocal compositions that were often inadequate and incorrect (F. Niecks 7). During the second and third quarter of this century, the descriptive vocal pieces of Clement Jannequin emerged. These were La Guerre or La Bataille (War), La Chasse du Livre (The Chase), Le Chant des Oiseaux (the Imitation of Animal Voices), and L'Alouette (Bird Voices) (F. Niecks 7). Battle pieces became the primary favorite then. A... The researcher of this essay states that since the ancient times, music has been used to mimic the sounds of life and nature, real or imagined. As musicians wanted to build a bridge between literature and music, various sounds from animals and nature like tweets, cuckoos, toots, shrieks, cries, horns blowing, hiccups, roars, rain pouring, wind blowing and the like are being used to form a coherent musical composition that conveys a story or a plot. This form of music has been existent since the ancient times, yet it was the Hungarian composer Franz Liszt who actually coined the term â€Å"programme music† in the mid 19th century, a time when Romantic music was very pravalent. For the purpose of discussion, programme music may be defined as instrumental music that attempts to convey a story or arouse mental images without the use of words. Liszt calls composers of programme music as â€Å"poetizing symphonsts†. Furthermore, he also strived to be able to distinguish the p rogramme and its object. He claims that â€Å"the programme has no other object than to indicate preparatively the spiritual moments which impelled the composer to create his work, the thoughts which he endeavoured to incorporate in it. Given the examples of the composers and their works, that were mentioned in the essay, it is hence apparent how experimentation in the genre of programme music was important. It was indeed a risk for these composers to hence pattern the form of their composition to a certain programme they have pictured in their minds.